而大多数有色金属可以进行退火，但不能进行正火或者表面硬化。
Most nonferrous metals can be annealed, but never tempered, normalized, or case-hardened.
还有化学退火的方法，即用尺寸大30%的钾离子取代表面的钠离子。
In chemical tempering, sodium ions in the surface are replaced with potassium ions, which are about 30 percent larger.
垫圈通常用退火镍制成，具有非常光滑的表面。
The washer is usually made of annealed nickel and has a highly polished surface.
经过退火及冷加工的热轧不锈钢棒材，其表面质量更高，强度也更高。
Hot rolled stainless steel bars that are annealed and cold worked to produce a higher surface quality and higher strength.
实验表明退火后的带材表面光亮度良好，机械性能和晶粒度均匀。
Experimental annealing proved that the strip thus annealed has a bright surface and is uniform in mechanical properties and grain sizes.
冶炼、铸造、轧制、退火、酸洗、表面处理、平整；
Smelting, casting, rolling, annealing, pickling, surface processing and skin pass rolling;
钢的热处理工序包括硬化、回火、退火和表面硬化。
The procedures of heat treatment of steel include hardening tempering annealing and case hardening.
样品退火后，表面等离子体共振吸收峰红移，而伴峰消失。
After annealing, the peak attributed by the SPR shifts to red and the other peak disappears.
分析了表面处理方法、冷变形、扩散退火温度和时间等工艺因素对界面结合强度的影响；
The influences of process parameters include surface preparation method, cold deformation, diffusion temperature and time.
对冷轧板表面清洁度的影响因素进行了综述，并重点探讨了退火黑斑和边缘碳的组成和成因。
The influence factors of the surface cleanliness of cold-rolled sheet are introduced and the reasons and composition of the post-annealing black stain and edge carbon are mainly analyzed.
钢的热处理工序包括硬化、回火、退火和表面硬化。
The procedures of heat treatment of steel include hardening, tempering, annealing and case hardening.
最后，以具有第二既定能量密度的激光对表面覆盖有一第二非晶硅层的第二衬底实施退火处理，以形成一第二多晶硅层。
Finally, the second substrate covered with the second non-crystalline silicon layer is annealed with the laser with the second energy density to form the second polysilicon layer.
冷轧退火后的带钢在平整过程中产生横折印缺陷，严重影响平整后带钢的表面质量及其力学性能。
Cross breaks are formed on the surface of cold rolled and tempered strip during temper rolling, which influence the surface quality and mechanical characteristics of the temper rolled strip.
本文介绍了连续脱碳退火机组对冷轧硅钢板带表面质量的影响因素，提出了连续脱碳退火机组提高冷轧板带质量的措施。
In this paper, the influencing factor of Continuous Annealing on the surface quality of cold rolled silicon steel strip is introduced.
我们又进一步研究了退火对少数载流子寿命和表面复合速率的影响，因为其对太阳能电池的最终效率影响很大。
An extensive study has been carried out on the effect of thermal annealing on carrier lifetime and surface recombination velocity, which affect the final output of the solar cell.
但在热轧、冷却及退火等过程中，不锈钢工件的表面因氧化会产生一层结构比较复杂的氧化皮。
However, during hot rolling, cooling and annealing process, a complex oxide structure layer will form on the surface of stainless steel due to oxidation.
在现场操作中，会造成退火后线径变细、表面划伤、铜线发红、铜线变色、铜线氧化等一些现象。
In the field operation, can cause annealed wire diameter necked, surface scratch, red copper wire, copper wire color, copper wire oxidation and so on some phenomenon.
硅钢连续退火炉的炉底辊质量是影响作业率和产品表面质量的主要因素之一。
The quality of hearth roll of continuous annealing furnace is one of major factors that affect work rates and surface quality of products.
对铝板轧制油的轧制工艺润滑性能实验与退火时铝表面油渍污染的分析研究表明：基础油S2的轧制效果要明显优于国内常用的同类产品，非常适用于轧制表面质量要求高的铝板。
The result shows that the rolling effect of S2 is more obviously superior to the similar products in the country, and it is extremely adapted to aluminum sheet of high quality.
对铝板轧制油的轧制工艺润滑性能实验与退火时铝表面油渍污染的分析研究表明：基础油S2的轧制效果要明显优于国内常用的同类产品，非常适用于轧制表面质量要求高的铝板。
The result shows that the rolling effect of S2 is more obviously superior to the similar products in the country, and it is extremely adapted to aluminum sheet of high quality.
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