而大多数有色金属可以进行退火，但不能进行正火或者表面硬化。
Most nonferrous metals can be annealed, but never tempered, normalized, or case-hardened.
还有化学退火的方法，即用尺寸大30%的钾离子取代表面的钠离子。
In chemical tempering, sodium ions in the surface are replaced with potassium ions, which are about 30 percent larger.
垫圈通常用退火镍制成，具有非常光滑的表面。
The washer is usually made of annealed nickel and has a highly polished surface.
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