比他们小的竞争对手正在为结束他们两家寡头集团而斗争。
这八家公司共同运作，形成了成熟的寡头垄断格局，实质上是在模仿整个市场。
Together these eight companies operated as a mature oligopoly, essentially miming the entire market.
双寡头时代竞争逐渐进入白热化。
Competition double oligarch times is entered gradually turn white - hot.
卡特尔是寡头垄断市场中厂商的一种重要勾结形式。
Cartel was an important collusive way of firms in the oligopoly market.
最后，将双寡头的均衡产量求解方法推广到多个企业情形。
At last, improves the method of finding equilibrium output in duopoly to multi-enterprises market.
第一种情况是美元的全球垄断地位，将让位于美元和欧元的双寡头垄断。
The first is that the dollar's global monopoly will give way to a duopoly of the dollar and the euro.
这会让那些好讼的寡头、酋长、外国名流更难以利用英国的诉讼恐吓批评者。
That should make it harder for trigger-happy oligarchs, sheikhs and foreign celebrities to use the threat of a London lawsuit to intimidate critics.
在末期阶段，将出现寡头竞争的格局，我们会看到更多的上市企业联合起来。
At the later stage of consolidation, there will be an oligarchic competitive landscape in which we will see more alliance and cooperation between listed companies.
有许多俄罗斯官员和寡头寄放资产的英国，亦即将通过一项新的严厉的反贿赂法。
Britain, where many Russian officials and oligarchs park assets, is also about to pass a tough new anti-bribery law.
例如，这两个国家的银行寡头为了获得市场权力而长期接受严格的监管。
Both, for instance, have banking oligopolies that have long accepted tough regulation as a cost of their market power.
本文通过一个古诺双寡头模型分析了差价合约对厂商市场行为的影响。
This paper analyses the influence of contracts for differences upon the market for the manufacturers through a Cournot model.
而这一有效均衡点的出现取决于审计市场中寡头垄断型市场结构的形成。
And the appearance of this efficient equilibrium depends on the formation of oligopoly in audit market.
例如在2007年，一名乌克兰寡头就在伦敦起诉了一间位于乌克兰的乌克兰语网站。
For example, in 2007 a Ukrainian oligarch successfully sued a Ukrainian-based Ukrainian-language website in London.
并且这肯定也会适用于其他企图建立类似的关键性、长期性数码寡头的公司。
And this will certainly apply to any other firm that manages to build a similarly crucial and long-lasting digital monopoly.
事实上，几乎没有任何一种财富可以脱离某种形式的垄断而被创立，最少也以寡头的形式。
Indeed, there has hardly ever been a fortune created without a monopoly of some sort, or at least an oligopoly.
另外一个原因是在一个由少数寡头控制的市场进行交易也不会是一个好的交易。
Another reason that a market might not be good to trade is that it is too heavily controlled by a few individuals or the locals in the pits.
在竞争性电力市场中，寡头垄断特性以及输电阻塞的存在会降低市场的运行效率。
In competitive electricity market, oligopoly and transmission congestion lead to the reduction of the operational efficiency of the market.
寡头平均持有各自公司近80%的股份，这种支配程度比其他类型公司的所有者都高。
Oligarchs on average hold nearly 80 per cent of the shares in their companies, a greater degree of dominance than for companies controlled by other types of owner.
改善寡头垄断和低水平过度竞争并存的现状，构建我国银行体系有效竞争的市场格局。
Forth, improve the current situation of oligopsony and competing with low-levelly and excessively, structure the market pattern of effective competition of bank system of our country.
小川光。部分私有化和市场开放政策：基于混合寡头垄断方法。名古屋大学経済学部。
Lihua Han, Hikaru Ogawa. Partial Privatization and Market-Opening Policies: a Mixed Oligopoly Approach. Nagoya University.
价格联盟实际上是一个行业中若干寡头之间就价格和产量所达成的合作策略或合谋行为。
Price union is the cooperation or conspiracy among some magnates of the same industry about price and production.
然而，私有企业也不是看上去那么舒服地寡头控制企业，家庭企业的竞争是悬在他产头上的生死之剑。
Yet the private sector is not the comfortable oligarchy it might seem, for family firms compete head on and often live and die by the sword.
2003年，BP与TNK组建合资企业时，寡头们似乎是BP在俄罗斯成就大业所挑选的合作伙伴。
When BP formed its joint venture with TNK in 2003, oligarchs seemed the partners of choice for getting things done in Russia.
本文的分析最终表明：以动态的眼光来看，寡头垄断市场结构和寡头垄断企业是有效率的。
The analysis in this article indicates that: from a dynamic perspective, oligopolistic market structure and oligopolistic enterprises are efficient.
霍普先生与俄罗斯寡头罗曼·阿布拉莫维奇明显不同，后者将数百万英镑砸在了英国俱乐部切尔西身上。
Mr Hopp is quite unlike Roman Abramovich, the Russian oligarch who has spent hundreds of millions of pounds on Chelsea, an English football club.
在寡头垄断市场条件下，讨论了第一类市场势力，即操纵许可价格对排污权交易计划的影响。
The influence of the first kind of market authority, namely permitting price operation on emissions trading plan is discussed under the conditions of duopoly.
寡头垄断在产品质量选择和定价方面的扭曲，说明了电信行业打破垄断、引入竞争的必要性。
The inefficient quality selection and welfare levels entail the breaking up oligopoly and introducing competition in China telecommunications industry.
寡头垄断在产品质量选择和定价方面的扭曲，说明了电信行业打破垄断、引入竞争的必要性。
The inefficient quality selection and welfare levels entail the breaking up oligopoly and introducing competition in China telecommunications industry.
应用推荐