在上周的讲座中，我们讨论了几种哺乳动物新出生的后代的特征。
In last week's lecture, we discussed the characteristics of the newly born offspring of several mammals.
根据这一定义，区分不同物种的标准是不同物种的个体间相互交配产生可育后代的可能性。
According to this definition, one species is distinguished from another by the possibility of matings between individuals from each species to produce fertile offspring.
从受损区到更原始流区的基因流的数量急剧增加，导致了大量的基因流动，进而降低了后代的总体适应性。
Such a dramatic increase in straying from damaged areas to more pristine streams results in substantial gene flow, which can in turn lower the overall fitness of subsequent generations.
美国可以在不对经济造成重大损害的情况下，帮助遏制气候变化带来的最坏影响，并确保子孙后代的生活方式得以延续。
The U.S. can, without major damage to the economy, help halt the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for future generations.
合子后生殖分离是由杂种后代的无性繁殖而引起的。
Postzygotic reproductive isolation occurs by the inviability of the hybrid offspring.
罗兰夫人于是对后代的问题也冷淡漠然。
当我们过度花费的时候，留给别人和后代的就变少了。
When we over-consume, we take more than our fair share—leaving less for others, and future generations.
是繁衍后代的问题。
他的奋斗代表了数百万同胞和子孙后代的奋斗。
It was his struggle that embodied the struggle of millions of my people, and our descendants, including our sons.
就算他不死，生下健康的后代的可能性也是很小的。
Even if it does not die, the chance of it giving birth to healthy offspring is low.
过去和今天滥用抗菌素的做法威胁到子孙后代的福祉。
Misuse of antimicrobials in the past and today threatens the welfare of future generations.
很高兴自己有生之年能够完成它，这是我留给后代的最好的礼物。
It is my biggest joy to finish it when I am alive. It is the best gift I can give to the young generations.
现在是我们限制和扭转我们强加给子孙后代的气候变化问题的时刻。
This is the moment now to limit and reverse climate change we are inflicting on future generations.
事实上，鲸和人类的祖母照看后代的培育模式也非常相似。
Indeed, whales and humans have even evolved a similar nurturing style of grandparenting.
这里，我甚至没有谈到被称之为子孙后代的那种小小的永恒。
I am not even speaking here of that paltry eternity that is called posterity.
田鼠的一夫一妻行为表现为紧密的社会性依附与照顾后代的意愿的结合。
Monogamy in voles takes the form of a deep social attachment combined with a willingness to care for offspring.
根据费奇的研究，这些受训老鼠后代的记忆力优势数月就会消失。
In Feig's study, the offspring of enriched mice lost their memory benefits after a few months.
她说，但是直到现在父亲的饮食环境对后代的影响还没进行研究。
But until now, the impact of the father's environment — in terms of diet — on his offspring had not been investigated.
他承认，该项研究由于涉及可以会遗传给后代的基因改变，的确具有争议性。
He accepted the research was controversial because it involved making the genetic changes that could be passed down generations.
然而最近的研究表明，这些细菌也面临着维护自身与繁衍后代的选择。
But recent discoveries have suggested that bacteria, too, face compromises between maintaining themselves and reproducing.
这意味着父母对后代的巨大投入，因为如果失去后代，你就失去了一切。
It implies huge parental investment in the offspring since, if you lose it, you lose everything.
如此产生健康后代的事实，为这种技术在人类自身的运用上开辟了道路。
The fact that healthy offspring have been produced, paves the way for the use of the techniques in humans.
这些动物研究表明父亲的大脑与其后代的大脑有显著并完美的密切关联。
These animal studies show that a father's brain is significantly and beautifully intertwined with his offspring's.
长期生活在城市的居民，其后代的遗传基因里，对肺结核的抵抗力更强。
The descendants of long-time urban dwellers show increased genetically-driven resistance to tuberculosis, due to evolutionary selection pressure over millennia.
因此，如果女性的身体过度受损，那么她生出健康后代的可能性就会受到严重威胁。
So if the female animal's body is too much weakened by damage, there is a real threat to her chances of making healthy offspring.
此研究的主要结论表明：鼠妈早期获得的喂养条件影响他们后代的行为方式。
The study's main findings showed that the early treatment of the mothers impacted their offspring behavior.
同样，每年夏季来到这个海岛繁殖哺育后代的南象海豹的数量也多达数十万。
Likewise, hundreds of thousands of southern elephant seals come to the island each summer to breed and to rear their young.
他们可能在意身后的英名，他们可能留恋后代的亲情，但他们不寄希望于来世。
They may care about their illustrious names after death; they may feel attached to the affection of their offspring, but they never lay their hopes on their afterlife.
女性繁衍后代的角色根本不足以解释她们在各机构高层职务晋升上的巨大空白。
Women's role in perpetuating the species is not nearly enough to explain the huge gap in opportunities at the top of organisations.
女性繁衍后代的角色根本不足以解释她们在各机构高层职务晋升上的巨大空白。
Women's role in perpetuating the species is not nearly enough to explain the huge gap in opportunities at the top of organisations.
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