光感受器是通过发出化学信号来对光作出反应的细胞。
Photoreceptors are cells that respond to light by sending out a chemical signal.
如果你想想我们周围的许多颜色、形状和质地，它们都是具体而独特的化学反应的产物。
If you think of the many colours, shapes and textures around us, they are all the product of specific and unique chemical reactions.
这段冷静时间使我在原始反应的基础上思考更多，它允许理智的介入，跨越情绪。
That cooling off time allows me to give it a little more thought beyond my initial reaction. It allows logic to step in, past the emotion.
科学家们发现，短时间的沉思甚至能增强控制情绪反应的大脑区域之间的联系。
Even a brief course of meditation strengthens connections between the regions of the brain that regulate our emotional responses, they found.
虽然没有谁能真的用这个公式来骑自行车，但一个具备更快反应的机器人没准儿行。
While no human can actually ride a bike using that formula, a robot, with much faster reactions, might.
你无法总是改变身边的人或环境，因此在这样的情况下，你得改变你反应的方式。
So you can't always change other people or the world around you, so in this case, you'll have to change the way you react.
我们需要更好地了解儿童身体对药物产生反应的方式，这样才能增进全球儿童的健康。
We need to learn more about the way children's bodies react to medicines so we can improve global child health.
这项研究的一个启示就是：大众的反应时间将会随着需要快速反应的电子游戏的兴起而改善。
One implication of this work is that reaction times in the population will probably improve with the rise of fast-action video-games.
但是近年来，其技术得到很大提高并能为对其他治疗无明显反应的重度抑郁患者缓解病情。
But in recent years, it has greatly improved and can provide relief for people with severe depression who have not been able to feel better with other treatments.
这种方法产生的副作用可能会更少，并为对常规治疗没有反应的患者提供一个新的救治途径。
This approach could lead to fewer side effects and provide a lifeline for patients who have stopped responding to conventional treatments.
这项工作为理解免疫细胞与身体之间的交互作用打开了大门，并且改变了研究人员思考免疫反应的方式。
The work opened the door to understanding the interactions among immune cells and the body and changed how researchers thought about immune responses.
Benson在新书《放松反应的革新》中说，他通过研究发现，呼吸甚至可以改变基因的表达。
In his new book, Relaxation Revolution, Benson claims his research shows that breathing can even change the expression of genes.
举例来说，干水能够成为加速化学反应的一种更绿色并且能效更高的方式，可用于制造数百种消费型产品。
It may, for instance, be a greener, more energy-efficient way of jumpstarting the chemical reactions used to make hundreds of consumer products.
但是一项最新的研究通过解码人类对图像反应的神经信号，让这遥远的梦想的距离又拉近了一步。
Although the ability to play back memories like a movie remains a distant dream, a new study has taken a provocative step in that direction by decoding neural signals for images.
这场生化芭蕾的总指挥是蛋白质、纳米大小的结构模块和动力设备，它们控制着每一步反应的速度和时机。
The conductors of this biochemical ballet are the proteins, nano-size building blocks and machines that control the speed and timing of every reaction.
优秀的企业家认可这一点，并构建出能对早期市场信息快速反应的敏捷团队，以便确认真正的商业模式和最小化风险。
Good entrepreneurs recognize this, and tend to build agile teams that can quickly respond to early market information in order to identify a real business model and minimize risk.
破解肿瘤的遗传基础，找到病人对治疗产生反应的决定因素，会帮助我们发现更有针对性的方法来解决这个问题。
Unravelling the genetic basis of cancer to find out what determines whether a patient will respond to treatment will help us take a more targeted approach to tackle this problem.
正如StephenCovey所言，首先是寻求理解，明白那个人的行为为什么让你讨厌是改变你的反应的第一步。
As Stephen Covey says, 'Seek first to understand' — knowing why this person's behavior bugs you is the first step to changing your reaction to it.
为了阐明这点，艾利斯博士创立了一个简单的ABC模型来告诉人们，我们的信念是如何导致我们的情绪和行为反应的。
To illustrate this, Dr. Ellis developed a simple ABC format to teach people how their beliefs cause their emotional and behavioral responses.
要做到这一点，在一定程度上就需要不断地用爱心和耐心提醒自己：对于生活的挑战做出何种反应的决定权在你自己手中。
It comes, in part, from reminding yourself over and over again (with loving kindness and patience) that you have a choice in how you respond to life.
你还会发现，固守已经一去不复返的东西，或者更确切的说，是你已经离开的地方，会妨碍你自身的观察、吸收和反应的能力。
You will also find that holding on to what is no longer there, or more correctly where you no longer are, impedes your own ability to observe, assimilate and respond.
其它日本汽车制造商已经开始着手制造燃料电池汽车，这种汽车通过氧和氢的化学反应来发电，而这种化学反应的副产品只有水。
Other Japanese automakers have been working to create fuel cell cars, which produce electricity through a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, with water the only by-product.
首先看看他的成就：他发明了一项叫做聚合酶链式反应的技术，这项技术对于生物学的意义就如同晶体管对于计算机的意义。
First his accomplishments: he invented a process called PCR, which is every bit as important to biology as the transistor is to computers.
而有血缘关系的人更有希望成为移植手术的候选者，因为这可以降低排异反应的风险——这对Ottosson和她的女儿来说是个好消息。
It's also likely that related individuals may be better candidates for transplants because of the reduced risk for rejection — good news for Ottosson and her daughter.
如果能把病人自己的肺部细胞植入到一个供体肺中，使其成长为一个新的肺，就可以达到降低排斥反应的目的，而且很可能提高肺部移植的成功率。
Growing lungs by combining a donor lung seeded with a patient's own lung cells could decrease the chance of rejection, and potentially improve the success of lung transplants.
当他得知他获得此殊荣时最初的反应是：“我妈妈会很开心。”
His initial reaction when he learned about the latest accolade was, "My mother is going to be so happy."
当他得知他获得此殊荣时最初的反应是：“我妈妈会很开心。”
His initial reaction when he learned about the latest accolade was, "My mother is going to be so happy."
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