她的出现只是对乔安娜几近崩溃的神经的又一次刺激。
Her presence was just one more goad to Joanna's unravelling nerves.
像许多其他影响神经元放电的物质一样，腺苷必须首先与神经元膜上的特定受体结合。
Like many other agents that affect neuron firing, adenosine must first bind to specific receptors on neuronal membranes.
该感受器位于下丘脑的一小部分神经元上，一个调节食欲的地方。
This receptor is located on a small set of neurons in the hypothalamus, a region that regulates appetite.
最后，这项实验提出了这样一种可能性，即这种神经元可以用于目前使用胎儿脑细胞的实验治疗，避开了一个令人不安的伦理问题。
Finally, the experiment presents the possibility that such neurons could be used in experimental treatments that currently use fetal brain cells, sidestepping an uncomfortable ethical issue.
《神经元》杂志上的一项新研究表明，一个人只需六周的艰苦训练就能获得超强的记忆力。
New research in the magazine Neuron suggests that a person will get a super memory with just six weeks of hard training.
有一天，她给研究记忆的神经科学专家吉姆·麦克高发了一封电子邮件，声称自己能回忆起12岁以来每一天的经历。
Emailing the neuroscientist and memory researcher Jim McGaugh one day, she claimed that she could recall every day of her life since the age of 12.
嗅觉一直是我们的感官中受到了解最少的，直到最近，耶鲁大学的戈登·谢泼德领导的神经科学研究才开始揭示它是如何发挥作用的。
Smell has been the most poorly understood of our senses, and only recently has neuroscience, led by Yale University's Gordon Shepherd, begun to shed light on its workings.
但神经经济学领域的诞生源于这样一种认识，即大脑的物理运作方式限制了我们决策的方式。
But the field of neuroeconomics was born out of the realization that the physical workings of the brain place limitations on the way we make decisions.
它显然是通过抑制神经递质的释放来做到这一点的。神经递质是一种将神经冲动从一个神经元传递到另一个神经元的化学物质。
It apparently does this by inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters, chemicals that carry nerve impulses from one neuron to the next.
在2016年发表在《自然神经科学》杂志上的一项研究中，艾瑞里和同事们展示了欺诈是如何改变人的大脑，并让人在未来更容易说谎的。
In a 2016 study published in the journal Nature Neuroscience, Ariely and colleagues showed how dishonesty alters people's brains, making it easier to tell lies in the future.
另一种联系可能会涉及到大脑温度的变化和神经递质（传递神经冲动的物质）的释放。
Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses.)
另一方面，配有脑部扫描和脑电图的神经科学家却未受到同等的批判。
Neuroscientists, on the other hand, armed with brain scans and EEGs, have not been subject to the same degree of critique.
要判断性格的复杂方面，比如神经质还是思想开放，需要一段时间。
It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.
密歇根大学的行为性神经内分泌学家莎丽·范·安德斯针对年龄在18-19岁之间人做了一项调查。
The research, by Sari van Anders a behavioral neuroendocrinologist at the University of Michigan, focused on 18 and 19-year-old men.
过了一段时间，蛀坏的部分会蔓延至内牙的神经和血管。
After a while, the decay reaches the nerves and blood vessels of the inner tooth.
我们甚至可以利用神经美学研究来理解一些艺术品的寿命。
It might even be the case that we could use neuroaesthetic studies to understand the longevity of some pieces of artwork.
玩耍似乎是具有相当复杂的神经系统的动物（主要是鸟类和哺乳动物）的一种发育特征。
Play appears to be a developmental characteristic of animals with fairly sophisticated nervous systems, mainly birds and mammals.
一些潜在的好处直接关系到大脑神经系统的健康发展。
Some of the potential benefits relate directly to the healthy development of the brain and nervous system.
一种称为神经美学的新兴学科正试图将科学客观性引入艺术研究，并已经带给我们对很多名作更好的理解。
An emerging discipline called neuroaesthetics is seeking to bring scientific objectivity to the study of art, and has already given us a better understanding of many masterpieces.
有些细胞在它们的一生中只分裂7到9次，例如神经细胞。
Some cells, like nerve cells, only divide seven to nine times in their total life.
自闭症被认为是一种神经系统和遗传的终身疾病，它会导致信息处理方式的差异。
Autism is considered a neurological and genetic life-long disorder that causes discrepancies in the way information is processed.
少数人能详细回忆起生活中的几乎每一天——经过多年研究，神经科学家终于开始了解这些人是如何做到的。
A handful of people can recall almost every day of their lives in enormous detail—and after years of research, neuroscientists are finally beginning to understand how they do it.
一些补品会干扰处方药的药效，过量会导致神经病变，严重的话，还会造成器官损伤。
Some supplements can interfere with prescription drugs and too much can cause neuropathy and in severe cases, organ damage.
基于这些原因，我们可以假设在神经发育过程中一定存在一个重要的随机因素，特别是在所有正常大脑的发育过程中确实也会发生错误。
For such reasons, we can assume that there must be an important random factor in neural development, and in particular, that errors must and do occur in the development of all normal brains.
例如，德国海德堡大学的神经学家彼得·施耐德直至现在已对一组儿童进行了十年的追踪。
The neuroscientist Peter Schneider from Heidelberg University in Germany, for example, has been following a group of children for ten years now.
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