Smaller light echoes have been seen around supernovae.
规模较小的光回音可在超新星附近看见。
It comes from observations of supernovae and other very distant sources.
而是来自遥远的超新星和其他非常远的源。
The research teams raced to map the Universe by locating the most distant supernovae.
研究队伍用定位距离地球最远的超新星的办法来绘制宇宙地图。
By the late 1980s, a suitable standard candle had been indentified: type Ia supernovae.
到上世纪八十年代末，一个合适的标准烛光出现了，它就是Ia型超新星。
Bob Kirshner, of Harvard University, explains why supernovae are important for all of us.
哈佛大学的鲍勃·克斯勒解释了为什么超新星对我们所有人都很重要。
Type Ia supernovae are so luminous that they outshine their host galaxies for several weeks.
Ia型超新星如此之亮，以至于在几个星期内它的寄主星系的光芒也相形见绌。
They were using these supernovae to measure how the universe's expansion is changing with time.
科学家们通过研究那些超新星去测量宇宙膨胀随时间的变化。
Neutron stars are, after all, a little less extreme than black holes, Big Bangs and supernovae...
毕竟中子星并没有黑洞、大爆炸、超新星等等那么极端。
The infrared brightness of the galaxies allowed the team to estimate how many supernovae should occur.
星系的红外亮度让小组成员可以估计出超新星发生的预期速率。
They originate from various events (supernovae and so on) within the Milky Way galaxy that is home to the Earth.
它们可以从地球所在的银河系中很多的事件里产生，如超新星事件等。
Over the last 100 years, at least nine supernovae, the death explosions of massive stars, were discovered in NGC 6946.
最近100年来，至少有九颗超新星(大质量恒星爆炸的形成物)在NGC6946中被发现。
Examining as many supernovae as possible can help researchers measure how fast galaxies are moving away from one another.
尽可能多地检测超新星能够帮助研究人员测量星系之间的背离速度。
Type Ia supernovae all explode with nearly the same amount of energy and therefore have almost the same intrinsic brightness.
Ia超新星爆发时辐射的能量几乎相等，因而具有几乎相同的本征亮度。
There are a number of kinds of stellar explosions that can produce supernovae — which are short-lived, extra bright stellar events.
有一些不同种类的恒星爆炸可以产生超新星——短时间的，异常明亮的恒星爆炸事件。
In other words, the supernovae were further away than their red-shifts indicated they should be, based on the existing model of the universe.
换句话说，基于现有的宇宙模型，超新星的实际距离要比其红移显示的距离远。
They have studied several dozen exploding stars, called supernovae, and discovered that the Universe is expanding at an ever-accelerating rate.
他们研究了几十颗爆炸星(也被称为超新星)发现，宇宙的膨胀速度正在不断加快。
There is a positive observational and theoretical basis for believing that neutron stars and black holes follow as a result of supernovae.
中子星和黑洞则是超新星的产物，观测上和理论上的依据使我们相信这一点。
Ever since astronomers discovered that supernova more than 50 years ago, they have been searching for more "missing" supernovae and their remnants.
天文学家已经发现那颗超新星50多年了，他们仍一直在寻找更多失踪的超新星和它们的残骸。
The other six galaxies recently hosted Type ia supernovae that are reliable distance indicators for even farther measurements in the universe.
其他6个星系最近都爆发了Ia型超新星——测量遥远宇宙距离时更可靠的量天尺。
The supernovae glow with the same intrinsic brightness, so by measuring how bright they appear on the sky, astronomers can tell how far away they are.
这些超新星有着一致的本征亮度，因此测出它们的视亮度，天文学家就知道它们离我们有多远。
The observation confirms several long-held assumptions about supernovae and could provide deeper insights into the workings of these cosmic firecrackers.
这次观测证实了好几个有关超新星长期悬而未决的设想，还有可能更加深刻地揭示这些“宇宙鞭炮”的运行机制。
"Our results suggest the supernovae in the galaxies we studied almost all come from two white dwarfs merging," said co-author Akos Bogdan, also of Max Planck.
论文的合作者、同样来自马普所的阿可斯·波格丹（AkosBogdan）说：“我们的结果表明，在我们所研究的星系中的超新星几乎都是来自两颗白矮星并合的。
For decades, scientists have known that supernovae, the explosive deaths of giant stars, trigger reactions to forge most of the heavy elements in the universe.
巨大的恒星在死亡时会产生超新星爆炸，所引发的反应，制造了宇宙中大多数的重元素，这是科学家几十年前就已经知道的。
The first results from HZT (10 supernovae) and SCP (42 supernovae) were published, respectively, in the Astronomical Journal in 1998 and in the Astrophysical Journal in 1999.
来自高红移超新星搜索团组和超新星宇宙学项目组的最早的结果分别发表在1998年的AJ和1999年的APJ上。
All in all, the two research teams found over 50 distant supernovae whose light was weaker than expected - this was a sign that the expansion of the Universe was accelerating.
总而言之，两支队伍发现了超过50颗遥远超新星，它们所发射出的光不如预计的那么明亮，这就意味着宇宙的膨胀速度正在加快。
Both papers reached the same conclusion: Distant supernovae are receding at a slower rate than you'd expect if matter (dark and nondark) was the only source of gravitational action.
他们得出的结论均为：远距离的超新星的退行速度要比只有物质（暗物质或非暗物质）作为引力作用源的预期速度要低。
We associate black holes, Big Bangs and supernovae with extreme astrophysics and mind-boggling destructive energies, so obviously scientists can't really build the genuine article in a lab.
我们将黑洞、大爆炸和超新星与极端的天体物理学和令人难以置信的能量联系起来，所以很显然科学家们并不能在实验室里真正地把它们制造出来。
We associate black holes, Big Bangs and supernovae with extreme astrophysics and mind-boggling destructive energies, so obviously scientists can't really build the genuine article in a lab.
我们将黑洞、大爆炸和超新星与极端的天体物理学和令人难以置信的能量联系起来，所以很显然科学家们并不能在实验室里真正地把它们制造出来。
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