We must find economical methods for extracting oil from shale.
我们必须找到从页岩中采油的经济方法。
The shale was deposited in an oxygen-deficient lake where lethal gases sometimes bubbled up and killed animals.
页岩沉积在一个缺氧的湖泊里，那里有时会冒出致命的气体，杀死动物。
While rock between two consistent strata might in one place be shale and in another sandstone, the fossils in that shale or sandstone were always the same.
存在于两个相连地层之间的岩石，可能在这一层是泥板岩，而在另一层中是砂岩；但存在于泥板岩或者砂岩中的化石往往都是相同的。
But the extraction of shale gas is controversial.
不过，页岩气开采是存有争议的。
As the shale gas flows, prices have come crashing down.
随着页岩天然气产量的增加，其价格也开始迅速降低。
POLAND may have western Europe's largest reserves of shale gas.
波兰可能拥有西欧最大的页岩气储藏量。
Abundant domestic shale gas should radically reduce America's gas imports.
国内页岩天然气的存在会大幅减少美国的天然气进口。
This makes locally produced shale gas, supplied on flexible terms, look attractive.
这使得当地弹性供应的页岩气颇具吸引力。
In Tennessee's Chattanooga shale, for example, there is more uranium in phosphate rock.
例如，在田纳西的查塔努加的页岩中，磷酸盐岩石含有的铀更多。
Researchers found the 70-millimeter crustacean in the dark shale of an Oklahoma quarry.
研究者在俄克拉荷马采石场的页岩层发现这些70毫米的甲壳纲动物。
But the move to gas, and to shale-gas in particular, demands a shift in the majors' business models.
向天然气，尤其是页岩气的转型，需要油气专业公司转变商业模式。
But us researchers found that shale gas Wells leak substantial amounts of methane, a potent greenhouse gas.
但美国的研究学者发现，页岩气井会泄漏大量的甲烷，而甲烷却是一种温室效应极强的气体。
This covers solar thin-films, biofuels, coal-to-liquids, shale gas and smart grids, all with U.S. partners.
这些技术涵盖了太阳能超薄薄膜、生物燃料、煤制油、页岩气和智能电网，全部都有美国伙伴的参与。
The new kid on the energy block, shale gas, may be worse in climate change terms than coal, a study concludes.
一项研究指出：作为能源家族的新成员，页岩气对气候变化的影响高于煤炭。
Ever-more-available shale gas brought a cheap and reliable alternative route to domestically fuelled electricity.
愈加容易获取的页岩气为国产燃料发电提供了一条廉价又可靠的可选路径。
But it inflamed environmental groups who say the technology used to extract shale gas is environmentally damaging.
但是该发现也激起了环保团体的反对。他们认为用于提取页岩天然气的技术会破坏环境。
He also frets that heavy-handed regulation may stop America from taking advantage of its vast reserves of shale gas.
过度的管制可能将阻碍美国利用其储量丰富的页岩气，对此他也很烦恼。
Shell also signed a joint assessment agreement with PetroChina in November 2009 for shale-gas cooperation in Sichuan.
2009年11月，壳牌还与中国石油天然气股份有限公司签订了在四川进行页岩气合作的联合评估协议。
Until America found shale gas, Dow was "progressively shutting factories here and in Western Europe", says Mr Liveris.
直到美国发现页岩气，陶氏一直在“逐步关闭在本地以及西欧的工厂”，利伟诚先生说到。
In the pale light of the tunnel, 30-foot fossil traces of lycopsid gleam slickly in the shale roof like alligator skins.
在隧道内黯淡的灯光下，页岩顶部30英尺长的石松化石遗迹就像鳄鱼皮般发出柔滑的光亮。
Now, Ridley is feeling optimistic about a gas that is produced from shale and is widely used in the us but not elsewhere.
现在，里德利对一种产于页岩、在美国得到广泛应用而其他国家还没有的气体表示乐观。
The answer: wells that drill vertically down to the shale bed, then make a gradual 90-degree horizontal turn through the shale deposit.
目前，科学家提出了解决方案——先垂直钻探至页岩床位置，然后以90度水平地钻探页岩沉积层。
In America, almost everything points in the right direction for the shale-gas industry, observes Paul Stevens of Chatham House, a think-tank.
智囊团查塔姆研究所的保尔·史蒂文斯评论道，在美国，几乎一切都指明了页岩气工业的正确道路。
The biggest part of that boost comes from higher estimates of gas in shale formations, which were formerly difficult and expensive to reach.
评估新增值中大部分来自于页岩层天然气的评估提升。
Nonetheless, he does not expect shale gas to have a “material effect” on European supply for a decade, since drilling will take some time to ramp up.
尽管如此，他并没有指望页岩天然气在未来十年内对欧洲的能源供应产生实质影响，毕竟钻探还要花费一些时日。
Depending on market conditions, shale drillers can speed up production or wind it down, just as an electricity supplier does to meet changes in demand.
像电力供应商依据需求调整供应一样，页岩钻探者们也将根据市场状况调整生产。
Exploiting shale also requires drilling lots of wells-something that might prove harder in densely populated Europe than in America's wide-open Spaces.
勘探页岩同样需要在很多地方钻井，但是相比美洲大片的开阔地域，欧洲大陆人口密集，所以在欧洲钻井勘探可不是一件容易的事。
Exploiting shale also requires drilling lots of wells-something that might prove harder in densely populated Europe than in America's wide-open Spaces.
勘探页岩同样需要在很多地方钻井，但是相比美洲大片的开阔地域，欧洲大陆人口密集，所以在欧洲钻井勘探可不是一件容易的事。
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