He then knocked out the bacterium's genes one by one to see which it could live without, in the hope of making a yet smaller organism he could then use as a model for synthesis.
接着，他一个接一个地把细菌的基因去除，看看那些是不必需的，想做出一个更小的生命体并用来做合成的模型。
But it's far smaller than the fivefold increased risk that comes from inheriting certain mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.
但是，与因继承了乳腺癌易感基因1和乳腺癌易感基因2中的某些基因突变而增加了5倍风险相比，这种冒险是小得多的。
And we simply asked the question, if one species needs 800, another 500, is there a smaller set of genes that might comprise a minimal operating system?
我们提出疑问，如果一个物种需要800个基因，另一种只需要500个基因，是否可以用更少的基因组成一个微小的可运作生命系统？
Because smaller ones are more likely to become infected. And keep your genes out of the pool.
因为阑尾变小会更容易被感染，将易受感染基因从人类基因种群中剔除出来。
Siblings share genes, but their influence, too, was much smaller, increasing each other's risk 40%.
兄弟姐妹基因差不多，但他们之间的影响却小得多，只有40%的风险。
We and our colleagues are currently preparing even bigger studies to find other genes of smaller effect and to relate these to environmental factors that increase asthma risk.
我们和同行们现在正准备做更大的研究，来找到导致其他轻微症状的基因，并把这些基因与增加发病风险的环境因素相联系。
For example, unlike animal genes, plant genes are generally much smaller with fewer and smaller introns.
例如，与动物基因不同，植物基因有更少和更小的基因内区普遍小得多。
The streamlined microbe contains at most 182 genes, which are smaller and overlap more with one another than is usual for bacteria.
这种变化的菌体最多182个基因。这些基因都非常短，相互交叠程度要比一般的细菌高。
The streamlined microbe contains at most 182 genes, which are smaller and overlap more with one another than is usual for bacteria.
这种变化的菌体最多182个基因。这些基因都非常短，相互交叠程度要比一般的细菌高。
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