In this paper the application of homotopy equivalence transformation of topological space sets to the topological classification of states and defects in ordered media is discussed.
该文论述了拓扑空间(组)的同伦等价变换在有序介质状态和缺陷的拓扑分类中的应用问题。
The new algorithms combine the methods of equivalence with standard coordinate transformation techniques to solve a variety of problems that occur in applications.
新的运算法则结合了与标准坐标转换技术等效的方法，从而解决了在许多应用领域内出现的相关求解问题。
Culture transformation and translation equivalence are the most important problems that translators should pay more attention to.
文化转换与翻译等值是翻译工作者应当注意的首要问题。
English metaphor can be reproduced in Chinese by literal translation, literal translation with annotation, image transformation and free translation for formal, functional or cultural equivalence.
在翻译成汉语时，可采用直译，直译加注，形象转换及意译等处理方法，以求得在功能、形式、文化上的等同。
The topological pressure of a transformation is expressed in terms of partitions of unity. Its equivalence to the standard definition is showed.
利用单位分解，给出了多面体上连续自映射的拓扑压的函数定义，并证明了它与拓扑压的标准定义是等价的。
The topological pressure of a transformation is expressed in terms of partitions of unity. Its equivalence to the standard definition is showed.
利用单位分解，给出了多面体上连续自映射的拓扑压的函数定义，并证明了它与拓扑压的标准定义是等价的。
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