In this paper the application of homotopy equivalence transformation of topological space sets to the topological classification of states and defects in ordered media is discussed.
该文论述了拓扑空间(组)的同伦等价变换在有序介质状态和缺陷的拓扑分类中的应用问题。
The new algorithms combine the methods of equivalence with standard coordinate transformation techniques to solve a variety of problems that occur in applications.
新的运算法则结合了与标准坐标转换技术等效的方法，从而解决了在许多应用领域内出现的相关求解问题。
Culture transformation and translation equivalence are the most important problems that translators should pay more attention to.
文化转换与翻译等值是翻译工作者应当注意的首要问题。
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