What does the author say we humans have been doing to chimps?
作者说我们人类对黑猩猩做了什么？
I mean, how do researchers know if elephants or chimps recognize themselves?
我的意思是，研究人员如何知道大象或黑猩猩是否认识自己？
Back in 1999, a team of scientists led by Andrew Whiten showed that chimps from different parts of Africa behave very differently from one another.
早在1999年，由安德鲁·怀滕领导的一组科学家就发现，非洲各地区黑猩猩的行为方式大不相同。
This is not because God created them to poke fun at us; it is because humans and chimps are descended from the same relatively recent primitive ape.
这并不是因为上帝创造它们来嘲笑我们；而是因为人类和黑猩猩都是同一个比较近期的原始猿人的后裔。
Provine realized that the reason chimps cannot emit a string of "ho ho ho" is that they cannot make more than a single sound when they exhale or inhale.
普罗文认识到，黑猩猩之所以不能发出一连串的“呵呵呵”声音的原因，在于它们在呼气或吸气时无法发出一个以上的音节。
For over 40 years, people have been studying chimps both in the wild and in captivity.
40多年来，人们一直在研究野生和人工驯养的黑猩猩。
They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a "vocabulary" of 66 gestures.
他们说，野生黑猩猩用66个手势组成的“词汇”相互交流19个特定的信息。
Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.
她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，会有意向另一个群体成员发送信息。
The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群，并研究了5000多起有意义的交流事件，发现了这一点。
"The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions," she said.
她说：“手势含义的模糊性，要么表明黑猩猩几乎没有什么可以交流的，要么表明我们仍然对它们的手势和行动中包含的很多信息一无所知。”
Crows use tools and chimps display morality.
乌鸦使用工具，黑猩猩们展示出道德。
When the chimps slept close by, I stayed up in the mountains near them.
当大猩猩在附近睡觉的时候，我就会留在靠近它们的地方。
Actually, both humans and chimps are said to have evolved from a common ancestor.
事实上，人类和黑猩猩是进化自同一祖先的。
That may have something to do with why we consider ourselves smarter than chimps.
可能正是因此人类自认为比黑猩猩聪明。
De Waal says that chimps might actually have the capacity for cumulative traditions.
deWaal说黑猩猩可能确实具有积累传统的能力。
"It's very scary, knowing the chimps seem to be dying at a younger age," Jane told me.
“太可怕了，有些黑猩猩似乎是在很小的时候就死去了，”珍告诉我说。
The chimps would not let her within 50 yards of them, and she had observed very little.
黑猩猩拒绝她在50码以内接近它们，而且她几乎没有观察到什么。
By comparison, some 25,000 gorillas and 21,000 chimps were concentrated in Africa alone.
对比来说，那时只在非洲就集中着25,000只大猩猩和21,000只黑猩猩。
This event encouraged Jane to keep trying to form a sense of deeper trust with the chimps.
这件事促使珍采取各种方式来赢得黑猩猩更深的信任。
The implications are stark. An AIDS-like illness seems to be killing some of Gombe's chimps.
这一发现令世人感到震惊，看来一种类似于人类艾滋病的疾病正在杀死一些冈贝黑猩猩。
Two smaller, female chimps were nearby with their hands stretched34 out, as if begging.
两只小一点的雌猩猩在附近伸出手来，好像是在乞讨。
Young chimps outperformed university students in memory tests devised by Japanese scientists.
在一项由日本科学家主持的记忆力测试中，年幼的黑猩猩胜过了大学生。
Then someone had the bright idea of testing chimps on other chimps' faces, rather than our own.
然后有人就想了个好点子，让黑猩猩辨认另一个黑猩猩的脸，而不是辨认我们的人脸。
"When I first started at Gombe," Jane has written, "I thought the chimps were nicer than we are."
“当初踏入冈贝的时候，”珍写到，“我以为黑猩猩比人类善良。”
For example, there are groups of chimps in the wild who all use stones to break open nuts for food.
例如，有些野生黑猩猩群体个个都会用石头敲开坚果来吃。在其他地方，黑猩猩会用树枝到白蚁窝钓白蚁来吃。
Human beings are prone to catching colds under the changeable weather in early spring, so are chimps.
初春天气忽冷忽热，人容易感冒，黑猩猩也一样。
Most important, they showed no sign they walked on their knuckles, as contemporary chimps and apes do.
最重要的是，它们没有显示出依靠前肢支撑行走的迹象，现代的猩猩和猿行走时依然需要用前肢辅助。
Most important, they showed no sign they walked on their knuckles, as contemporary chimps and apes do.
最重要的是，它们没有显示出依靠前肢支撑行走的迹象，现代的猩猩和猿行走时依然需要用前肢辅助。
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