全髋关节置换也可以考虑与髋关节异常疼痛，由于骨折，脱位(脱臼狗)，坏死(严重退化)。
Total hip replacement can also be considered for a dog with painful and abnormal hip due to fracture, luxation (dislocation), and necrosis (severe degeneration).
我们需要对疼痛和疼痛的不同组分进行分型，例如为什么一些患者出现异常疼痛，而另一些出现麻木？
We need to phenotype pain and the different components of pain. For instance, why do some patients have allodynia and others have numbness?
一位日本摩托车手开车的时候撞上安全护栏，他虽然感到异常疼痛，但是却没意识到腿已经不在身上了，又向前开出一英里多。
Japanese biker failed to notice his leg had been severed below the knee when he hit a safety barrier, and rode on for more than a mile, leaving a friend to pick up the missing limb.
我第一次冥想的时候犯了一个错误，就是没垫垫子地盘坐在地上我的一个脚踝放在另一只脚的胫骨上，这使得我开始感觉有点疼痛，最终却变得异常疼痛。
I made the mistake of sitting cross legged on the floor without cushions. My ankle put pressure on my other leg’s shin bone which was a small ache to begin with but eventually grew into a nasty pain.
众所周知，司他汀会造成肌肉疼痛和肝功能异常；当患者拿到自己的药方时，在印刷的用法说明书上这两种可能性的警告显而易见。
Statins are known to cause muscle aches and liver dysfunction; warnings of both possibilities are prominent in the printed instructions patients get when they pick up their prescriptions.
狂犬病最初症状是发热，伤口部位常有疼痛或有异常或原因不明的颤痛、刺痛或灼痛感(感觉异常)。
The initial symptoms of rabies are fever and often pain or an unusual or unexplained tingling, pricking or burning sensation (paraesthesia) at the wound site.
较少发生的副作用包括疼痛的脸，红斑，或在注射部位红肿异常、而肌肉麻痹。
Less frequently occurring side effects include pain in the face, erythema, or abnormal redness at the injection site, and muscle weakness.
背景知识概要：髌股关节疼痛综合症是最常见的膝关节病变之一，可能和异常的髌骨轨迹有关。
Background: Patellofemoral pain syndrome is one of the most common knee problems and may be related to abnormal patellar tracking.
外科手术可能通过切除异常的平滑肌组织变形和阻断神经支配来缓解疼痛。
Surgery may relieve the pain associated with endometriosis by removal of ectopic smooth muscle metaplasia and interception of innervation.
穿透性动脉溃疡当出现血管动力学异常、壁内血肿、先兆破裂、或无法抑制的疼痛时，需要采用外科手术修补。
Surgical repair of a penetrating aortic ulcer is usually indicated when there is hemodynamic instability, an intramural hematoma, signs of impending rupture, or inability to control pain.
也许是因为疼痛干扰了大脑整体的平衡性，而产生了抑郁等其他常见异常症状。
It could be that pain produces depression and the other reported abnormalities because it disturbs the balance of the brain as a whole.
马尾受压综合症的临床症状是非特异性的，单侧肢体轻偏瘫、下腰部疼痛、感觉异常、步态不稳。
Symptoms are nonspecific with cauda equina syndrome, monoparesis, radicular or low back pain, paresthesias, and gait disturbances.
患者有肌肉疼痛和僵硬，但是X光检查或实验室测试并无异常。
Patients experience pain and stiffness in the muscles, but there are no measurable findings on X-rays or lab tests.
这个过程通常持续12- 18小时，最后疼痛会变得异常剧烈。
Appendicitis pain typically increases over a period of 12 to 18 hours and eventually becomes very severe.
外科治疗对于下肢无力、步态异常、疼痛和感觉障碍效果较好，对于大小便功能障碍效果不理想。
Surgical therapy effect on leg weakness, gait abnormality, pain, and sensory disability was better than urination and defecation function disturbance.
他观察异常出血的儿童中的啃吃片阿斯匹林的产品来缓解疼痛共同操作。
He observed unusual bleeding in children who chewed on an aspirin product to ease the pain after a common operation.
DN的症状以肢体麻木及怕冷为主，其次是肢端疼痛及皮肤感觉异常。
Most patients of DN have acroparalysis and coldness of extremities. Some have arthralgia of limbs and abnormal sensation of skin.
结果：3例颌骨中心性黏液表皮样癌临床主要表现为颌骨内渐进性增大的肿块，有感觉异常、疼痛和反复出血。
RESULTS: The major clinical manifestations of the 3 cases of CMCJ included gradual enlargement of the jaw, paresthesia, pain and repeated bleeding.
结果所有患者均表现为鼻、额部反复发作性疼痛，且均存在着鼻腔解剖结构异常。
RESULTS All of 63 cases suffered from paroxysmal nasal pain or frontal headache and had abnormal anatomy of the nasal cavity.
瘀包括血瘀和瘀血，临床表现为疼痛、发热、皮肤、黏膜的异常、积、肿块、出血；
Blood stasis is clinically manifested by pains, fever, skin and mucosa abnormality, stagnation, lumps and hemorrhage;
异常步态包括偏瘫步态、脑瘫步态、小脑损害步态、周围神经损伤所致异常步态、前冲步态、疼痛步态、脊柱疾患所致异常步态以及脊髓损伤的步态等。
Abnormal gait included hemiplegia gait, brain paralysis gait, cerebella gait, peripheral nervous system injury gait, festination, pain gait and spinal column and spinal cord injury gait and so on.
结论非炎症性鼻源性头痛系鼻腔解剖结构异常所致，以局部疼痛为主要症状，针对解剖结构异常的鼻内镜手术可以达到良好的治疗效果。
CONCLUSION The main cause of uninflammatory rhinogenic headache was abnormal nasal cavity structures. Topical pain was its chief clinical manifestation. It can be cured by nasal endoscopic surgery.
这个问题，学术上涉及到“皮肤异常性疼痛”，这种情况，在偏头痛患者中大约是其他类型头痛患者的两倍。
This problem, technically referred to as "cutaneous allodynia," is nearly twice as common among patients with migraines as among those with other types of headache.
肋伤，尤其是骨折和软骨撕裂，都疼痛异常，至少得花上6周的治疗康复时间。
Rib injuries, especially fractures and cartilage tears, are very painful and they usually take at least six weeks to properly heal.
临床上，病人多为男性，年龄在40 - 60之间，最常见的主诉是单侧鼻腔阻塞、不通气，鼻出血、嗅觉异常、鼻漏及疼痛。
Clinically, the typical patient is a male between the ages of 40-60 years. The most frequent complaints are unilateral nasal obstruction, stuffiness, epistaxis, dysosmia, rhinorrhea and pain.
在所有头痛类型中，异常性疼痛在女性中更为常见，其严重程度和情绪低落相关。
In all headache types, allodynia was more common among women, and severity was associated with symptoms of depression.
然而今天，很多盆腔疼痛妇女(弥散性疼痛或肋痛)，首先经历的是CT扫描；而那些有米勒管异常的妇女一般进行MRI。
Yet still today, many women with pelvic pain, masses, or flank pain first undergo ct scans and those with mullerian duct anomalies typically have MRIs.
结果：自发性疼痛组（8例）感觉缺失值大于触觉异常性疼痛组（17例） ；
Results:The scores of sensory deficits in PHN patients with spontaneous pain(8 cases)were more than those in patients with allodynia(17 cases).
严重的皮肤异常性疼痛占偏头痛患者的12% - 29%，但在其他类型头痛中，这个比例不足6%。
Severe allodynia was noted in 12 to 29 percent of migraine patients, but in no more than 6 percent of patients with other types of headache.
严重的皮肤异常性疼痛占偏头痛患者的12% - 29%，但在其他类型头痛中，这个比例不足6%。
Severe allodynia was noted in 12 to 29 percent of migraine patients, but in no more than 6 percent of patients with other types of headache.
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