As with the industries and enterprises of similar products and substitute, their formation of a competition.

由于同行业企业产品的相似性和可替代性，彼此间形成了竞争的关系。

youdao

Private giving to various causes is a substitute for public giving, and private giving tends to be more effective because of the competition among different foundations and other charities.

各种缘由的和形式的私人捐助是公共捐助的一种替代品，而且在发展趋势上，私人捐助也因为其名目繁多的基金会和慈善协会而在慈善界更加有效。

youdao

Private giving to various causes is a substitute for public giving, and private giving tends to be more effective because of the competition among different foundations and other charities.

各种缘由的和形式的私人捐助是公共捐助的一种替代品，而且在发展趋势上，私人捐助也因为其名目繁多的基金会和慈善协会而在慈善界更加有效。

youdao