In this view, Russian peasants' status as serfs kept them poor through burdensome taxes in cash, in labor, and in-kind; through restrictions on mobility; and through various forms of coercion.
在这个观点中，通过沉重的现金税、劳动税和实物税、限制流动性和各种形式的胁迫使有着农奴地位的俄国农民保持贫穷。
He opened a school for the children of his serfs, the people who worked on his land.
他为在他的土地上劳作的农奴的孩子开办了一所学校。
Many serfs were forced to work hard.
许多农奴被迫拼命工作。
The third exploitation serfs suffered was usury.
农奴遭受的第三重剥削是高利贷。
The serfs were liberated after abolishing serfdom.
废除农奴制度后，农奴们获得了解放。
The serfs were liberated after abolishing serf dom.
废除农奴制度后，农奴们获得了解放。
The first exploitation serfs suffered was land rent.
农奴遭受的第一重剥削是地租。
The serf-owners had the right to beat, abuse or even kill the serfs at will.
（那时）农奴主有权任意打骂甚至杀害农奴。
Reaching his home, he found the serfs in rebellion and his family and Maria captives.
到家后，他发现农奴们造了反，家里人和玛利亚都被关了起来。
Robin thundered at him. Are honest serfs to have their ears befouled by such a man as this!
从没有一个最诚实的农人有耳听这种人说如此下流的言语！
Serfs would provide their Lord with Labour and produce and in exchange he would protect them.
农奴们为地主提供劳力和农产品，而地主作为回报，则对他们提供保护。
Most of the grain that serfs harvested from the lots was finally taken away by estate-holders.
而农奴在“份地”里收获的大部分粮食最终又都被领主收走了。
In addition to the heavy land rent paid in the form of labor, serfs had to pay numerous taxes and fees.
除了通过劳役缴纳沉重的地租外，农奴还必须缴纳名目繁多的税费。
The serfs were taxed upon getting married, taxed for the birth of each child and for every death in the family.
农奴结婚、生子和死亡都得纳税。在自己的院子里种树或者养牲口也得纳税。
When the title deeds for land and debt contracts were thrown into the fire, the former serfs danced around the blaze.
当旧的地契、债约被扔进火堆时，昔日的农奴们围着火堆跳起舞蹈。
In the vicinity of Bogutcharovo were large villages inhabited by Crown serfs, or peasants who paid rent to absentee owners.
博古恰罗沃附近所有大村庄都是属于皇家和收免役税的地主。
The house serfs on the way, in reply to inquiries where the prince was living, pointed to a small new lodge at the very edge of the pond.
皮埃尔向遇见的仆人询问公爵住在何处时，他们指了指位于池塘边上的一栋新盖的小厢房。
If two serfs of different lords married, the male offspring reverted to the father's Lord, while the female offspring went to the mother's.
如果分属于不同领主的两个农奴结了婚，所生男孩要归父亲的领主；如果是女孩，要归母亲的领主。
The second exploitation serfs suffered was corvee labor - a broad term covering not only corvee, but taxes and levies, and rents for land and livestock.
农奴遭受的第二重剥削是乌拉差。乌拉差是一种包括徭役、赋税、地(畜)租在内的含义十分广泛的差税总称。
Historical evidences have shown that there existed regional differences in the transformation of the serfs into the free peasants in later medieval England.
中世纪晚期英国农民在从农奴到自由农的转变过程中，呈现出明显的地区不平衡。
So there went a saying among serfs at that time: "The only thing that can be carried is one's shadow, and the only thing that can be left is one's footsteps".
当时在农奴中流传着这样的话：“能带走的只有自己的身影，能留下的只有自己的脚印。”
I have known you for a long while: first from your action with the serfs, the first instance of the kind among us, an example which one would desire to find many following;
我是老早就知道您的：其一，是因为您在解决您的农民问题上为我们树立第一个典范，希望有更多的追随者拥护这个典范；
The greater part of the people were serfs or "villains," farm-hands who were as much a part of the soil upon which they lived as the cows and sheep whose 3 stables they Shared.
在这里，大部分人都是农奴或庄稼汉。这些人和牛羊同住于牛栏羊圈，自身也和牛羊一样，变成了依附土地的一部分。
The serfs engaged in hard labor year in and year out and yet had no guaranteed food or clothing. Often they had to rely on money borrowed at usury to keep body and soul together.
农奴成年累月地辛勤劳动，却连温饱也得不到 保障，经常要靠借高利贷勉强糊口。
The serfs engaged in hard labor year in and year out and yet had no guaranteed food or clothing. Often they had to rely on money borrowed at usury to keep body and soul together.
农奴成年累月地辛勤劳动，却连温饱也得不到 保障，经常要靠借高利贷勉强糊口。
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