In this view, Russian peasants' status as serfs kept them poor through burdensome taxes in cash, in labor, and in-kind; through restrictions on mobility; and through various forms of coercion.

在这个观点中，通过沉重的现金税、劳动税和实物税、限制流动性和各种形式的胁迫使有着农奴地位的俄国农民保持贫穷。

youdao

He opened a school for the children of his serfs, the people who worked on his land.

他为在他的土地上劳作的农奴的孩子开办了一所学校。

youdao

Many serfs were forced to work hard.

许多农奴被迫拼命工作。

youdao

(Speaking) "Scientists in their institutes feel like serfs who work for completely ignorant people who do not know what they are talking about,".

VOA: standard.2010.02.03

It's not the case that some people are born to be kings and others are born to be serfs.

并不是一些人天生就是君王,而另一些人天生就是奴隶。

耶鲁公开课 - 公正课程节选

They were the antecedents of the Serfs, which we will see later on in medieval history in europe.

他们是农奴的祖先,这段历史我们在中世纪的欧洲会涉及

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

And the liberties of serfs in Europe were manifold compared with those of their Russian counterparts.

FORBES: Fact and Comment

The grotesque comedy features a social climber who buys dead serfs from the nobles who owned them.

BBC: News

These serfs remain on the landowners' books until the next census and, even though dead, are still taxable.

WSJ: Surveying the Surging Immensity of Life | Dead Souls | Nikolai Gogol | By Joseph Epstein