但是罗尔斯的问题是，在效果上。
Then why, Rawls says, of course not.
这就是为什么，罗尔斯说，当然不是。
What does Rawls think about this?
罗尔斯对此又是怎么看的呢？
I think that is what Rawls would say.
我也觉得罗尔斯会这么说。
Why does Rawls make this distinction?
那么，为什么罗尔斯要做这种区分呢？
Does that mean that according to rawls?
那是否就意味着，按照罗尔斯所说。
Aristotle disagrees with Kant and Rawls.
亚里士多德不同意康德和罗尔斯。
Kant and Rawls think Patrick has a point.
康德和罗尔斯认为帕特里克有一个观点。
Now, here, Rawls introduces an important.
现在，这里，罗尔斯采取了一种。
that Rawls is taking count of incentives.
罗尔斯谈论了激励的价值。
Rawls actually has two arguments, not one.
罗尔斯实际上有两个论点，不是一个。
That's one challenge that has been put to Rawls.
这是对罗尔斯的一种挑战。
So Rawls says, "Even the principle of meritocracy
所以罗尔斯说，“即使是择优的原则
And so Rawls says utilitarianism would be rejected.
所以罗尔斯说功利主义将被拒绝。
John Rawls offers a detailed answer to that question.
约翰·罗尔斯提供了一份该问题的详细答案。
So Rawls says, "Even the principle of meritocracy".
所以罗尔斯说，“即使是精英原则。”
Then Rawls argues, if all you have is formal equality.
然后罗尔斯争辩，如果你拥有的只是形式上的平等。
Well, what does Rawls think about the meritocratic system?
那么罗尔斯如何看待精英系统呢？
Whether Aristotle is right, or whether Kant and Rawls are right.
究竟是亚里士多德是正确的，还是康德和罗尔斯是正确的？
John Rawls, Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy, 2000.
约翰·罗尔斯：《道德哲学史讲义》，哈佛大学出版社，2000年。
Rawls illustrates this by considering several rival theories of justice.
罗尔斯通过考虑一些不同的公正理论来说明。
In it, Rawls devised the famous thought experiment involving the "veil of ignorance."
在这本书里，罗尔斯设计出了著名的、涉及到所谓“无知之幕”的思考实验。
The equality concept of Rawls is the unity of formal equality and essential equality.
罗尔斯的平等观是形式平等与实质平等的统一。
Why does Rawls represent principles of justice as originating in a kind of social contract?
为什么罗尔斯主张正义原则起源于一种类型的社会契约？
Sandel introduces the modern philosopher John Rawls and his theory of a "hypothetical contract."
Sandel介绍了现代哲学家JohnRawls和他的“假定契约”理论。
Perhaps the most prominent modern social contract theorist was the late Harvard professor John Rawls.
已故的哈佛教授约翰·罗尔斯可能是当代最重要的社会契约理论家。
Then and only then, Rawls argues, could a governing body agree upon truly fair principles of justice.
Rawls认为，只有这样，治理机构才能商定真正公平公正的原则。
Rawls classified the justice into the substantive justice, the formal justice, and the procedural justice.
罗尔斯把正义分为实质正义、形式正义和程序正义。
Rawls classified the justice into the substantive justice, the formal justice, and the procedural justice.
罗尔斯把正义分为实质正义、形式正义和程序正义。
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