What did you learn about how easy or hard it is to keep track of what food intake is?
你从记录食物摄入过程中,学到了什么,记录饮食是难是易
There will be days when you're very busy, you don't have time to eat and your food intake is lower then normal.
有些天你可能很忙,没有时间吃东西,你的食物摄入就比平时少
Your stomach is a very complex organ that has a muscle layer, it has an epithelial layer which is the interface with food that comes in, and it also has a nervous system, so does the heart.
你的胃是一个非常复杂的器官,它拥有一个肌肉层,有一个与摄入的食物,相接触的表皮层,也有一套神经系统,心脏也有
Are people eating too much of everything, or are they eating too much of certain things?
人们是饮食总量过剩,还是部分食物摄入过剩
Calories go in, food gets consumed, the body metabolizes or makes use of those particular nutrients.
热量摄入,食物消耗,机体新陈代谢,即利用那些营养物质
Well there are methods that get used to track population intake and methods to track individual food intake, and let's talk about each of them.
有的方法,用于追踪总体摄入量,有的方法追踪个体食物摄入量,让我们分开来谈
That the average--- the people were reporting consuming eleven, 1200 calories or something, but when their food intake was actually measured it was over 2 000 calories.
实验对象汇报的,卡路里是1100或者1200卡,但他们实际食物摄入量,超过了2000卡
When we talk about methods to track individual food intake, there are different ways of doing this, different methods that get used and they have different levels of accuracy.
说到有关探寻,个体食物摄入的方法,有几种不同的方法,不同的方法,精确度也不同
One is it shows that one should have a variety of foods.
其一是它指出人们应该摄入多种食物
So you print out--you enter everything you've had for the day.
你输入这一天内摄入的所有食物
And so what people should eat, and what people think they are eating, and what they actually eat is really much different, and that leads to all kinds of problems.
所以人类的健康饮食摄入量,和他们自认为食物摄入量,和人类实际摄入量有巨大差别,这导致了各种问题
Well, the only way you know is to do studies-- and we'll talk about how these are done in the next class-- linking dietary behavior, food intake with health.
了解这些的唯一方法是做研究,而在下一节课,我们会谈论具体过程,联系饮食习惯,食物摄入与健康
Now the question is, what are people eating too much of?
问题是,人们对哪些食物的摄入太多了
What is a portion of things?
什么是每天食物摄入量
One problem that people have is understanding what a portion is, because you say we should have this many servings of fruits and vegetables a day, we should have this many servings of that a day.
人类很难理解每餐食物摄入量这概念,因为假设,我们一天应该摄入一定份量的水果和蔬菜,各种食物每天都有一定摄入量
Now when I asked you to start keeping the dietary records, I asked you not necessarily to change your food intake because we wanted you to have an accurate record of what you typically ate.
当我让你自己保留饮食记录,我告诉你没有必要改自己的食物摄入记录,因为我们想获得准确数据,关于你一般吃什么
In order to have a completely balanced diet that's completely plant based, one has to be very careful about having a wide array of foods.
为了形成一个完全以素食为主的,平衡饮食结构,你必须非常注意,广泛摄入各类食物
Then you'll get a page that looks like this that will talk about-- given that you've had that particular food how many additional calories you have for the day, given an average person, and it gives you the breakdown of what you've eaten so far.
之后你会看到一个类似这样的页面,根据你的某种食物摄入量,根据一般人的情况,告诉你当天额外摄入了多少卡路里,它会给出当前所有的统计数据
Some people can fight the brain off in this case, and control their food intake, maintain a healthy diet, and maintain a normal weight, but the number of such people in the population is shrinking by the day.
有些人可以抵制大脑的控制,控制食物的摄入量,维持健康饮食 保持正常体重,而今,这类人的数量日益减少
The fiber intake is affected not only by what particular foods people pick but how much processing is done of the foods they have, where some of the fiber in foods is specifically processed out.
纤维素的摄入量,不仅取决于人们选择的食物,而且还要看食物的加工过程,有些纤维素在食物在加工过程中流失了
First of all, most people believe that their cholesterol level in their body is determined by how much cholesterol they actually consume, so foods high in cholesterol would be bad in that sense and foods low in cholesterol would be good.
首先,大多数人以为体内的胆固醇含量,取决于胆固醇的实际摄入量,由此看来高胆固醇的食物确实对身体无益,而低胆固醇食物则是有益的
Then at the end of the day what you'll get is something that looks like this which will be a whole day's worth of food intake and then this is what I'd like you to print out and then write about in your concept sheets.
一天结束后你就会得到,类似这样的一天食物摄入值,这就是我希望你们打印出来的,并且在你们观点报告中谈论的
We take in a lot of food and water everyday, every year, and yet most of us our weight stays remarkably stable over that period of time for adults despite how much we eat and how much we drink.
日复一日年复一年,我们都摄入大量的食物和水,但我们绝大部分人的体重,在成年期都保持得很稳定,不管我们怎样大吃大喝
And then if you look at what's served in restaurants, like if you go to the Olive Garden or the Macaroni Grill, or these sort of things you get portions that are, you know, multiples of this kind of thing, and you see this kind of idea about what pasta might be like.
如果你们去橄榄花园或者通心粉烧烤店,看看餐馆上菜的份量,你们会得到一日摄入量的食物,是网球大小的几倍,意大利通心粉通常是这个大小的
Fat is not all that much different, but one thing that's happened is the type of fat has changed a lot, and so people are eating less fat from plant sources and more fat from animals sources That's where the saturated fat comes in and high saturated fat intake is not a good thing.
脂肪摄入量相差无几,然而脂肪的种类却发生了很大变化,人们越来越少从植物中摄取脂肪,而更多是从肉类食物中获得,肉类食物中含有饱和脂肪酸,而过多地摄入饱和脂肪酸是有害的
You click there, and you have to pay attention to how many services you have of something, because if it says that a serving is three-quarters of a cup and you ate a cup and a half, then the program has to recognize that or it won't be able to make an adequate judgment of what you're eating.
点击那里,大家还要注意,每种食物摄入了多少份,如果一份指四分之三杯,而你吃了一杯半,那么系统应该判断出是两份,否则它无法对你所吃的东西做出充分判断
If you go to the dining hall you know, the portions-- one person serves themselves this much of a food and another serves themselves another, and then when you go to a restaurant there are variations on how much you get served of things, and so it's very hard to estimate portions for people.
如果你去食堂,摄入量是指,一个人吃了自己的那部分食物,或其他人吃的他们的那一部分,当你去餐厅,每次吃多少是变化的,因此估算每个人的摄入量是很难的
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