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Unlike many poleis,Athens had been successful in gaining control of the whole region which it dominated,the region of Attica.
和其他城邦不同,雅典成功地控制了整个区域,整个阿提卡地区都在雅典的控制之下
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I'll bet you never heard of Tellus of Athens, neither had Croesus, neither had anybody else outside of Athens.
我打赌你们从没听说过雅典的特勒斯,包括克罗伊斯在内的,任何一个非雅典人都不知道
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The Republic belongs to that period of Plato's work after his return to Athens, after the execution of Socrates.
理想国》即是柏拉图,在返回雅典后的作品之一，也就是在苏格拉底被处决之后。
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So Athens was the polis for Attica, but it was also the polis for all of Attica, all that region around Athens, including villages and farms and other small towns too.
所以雅典是阿提卡地区的城镇，是整个阿提卡地区的城镇，雅典周围的所有地区，包括村庄，农田及其他小镇都属于它。
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As I'm sure you know, Socrates was put on trial, condemned to death for corrupting the youth of Athens-- and perhaps, among other things, for arguing philosophy with them.
想必你们都知道,苏格拉底被人指控,以教唆雅典青年的罪名,被判处死刑,也许,罪名还包括,和青年们讨论哲学
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He used to stand in the city square in Athens, and talk with his fellow citizens, but he didn't chat idly with them, and he liked especially talking to young people.
他曾经站在雅典市的广场，和他的市民们说话，但是他并没有散漫的和他们说话，他尤其喜欢和年轻人说话。
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The Athenians gave him a public funeral on the spot where he fell and paid him the highest honors.
雅典人在他的战死之地举行了国民葬礼,并给了他至高无上的荣誉
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But it was until at least the eighteenth or nineteenth century the most famous democracy that ever existed.
但至少直到,18，19世纪之前,雅典都是史上最著名的民主圣地。
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Aristotle's extreme reluctance, his hesitance to speak to the issues of his time, are perhaps the result of his foreignness to Athens.
亚里士多德极为冷淡，他对时局演变持保留态度的主因，可能是因为,自己对雅典的陌生感。
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Well, some examples, later on in history there's a quarrel between Athens and Megara as to who controls the island of Salamis.
好,再举几个例子,后来雅典和麦加拉间,就谁统治萨拉弥斯岛的问题起了争端
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So, to summarize, the happiest, the most fortunate man that Solon ever knew was a dead Athenian that nobody ever heard of.
总而言之,梭仑所说的,最幸福最幸运的人,是个无人知晓的已故雅典人
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Now, the Greeks were very much concerned individuals and this is especially true of the democrats in Athens.
虽然希腊人很关注个人,这在雅典的民主人士中非常明显
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But with the revolution of democracy in Athens, which also spread then to other Greek cities, partly because Athens did what George Bush tried to do in Iraq, they tried to force democracy on other Greek cities around the Eastern Mediterranean also.
但随着雅典民主革命的进行，这场革命随后传到了其他希腊城市，原因之一，类似小布什在伊拉克的计划，雅典企图把民主制度,推行到地中海东部的其他希腊城市。
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Almost immediately after the trial of Socrates, Plato left Athens and traveled extensively throughout the Greek world.
苏格拉底审判后的当下，柏拉图离开雅典,广泛地的游走于希腊世界。
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Again a critique not only of Sparta but also of Athens and its imperialistic ambitions.
我们再次看到，他的评论不局限于斯巴达,同时还扩及雅典及其帝国野心。
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Those who might defend the city of Athens against Socrates, those who believe in the value of civic piety are very few among us.
捍卫雅典城,对付苏格拉底，相信公民敬神价值的人,仅占少数。
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I must tell the Athenians how many evils a city suffers from bad government."
雅典的人民啊,谁让这城邦不堪入目,是那腐朽的政府啊,不可饶恕
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It demonstrates not only Socrates' sense of his superiority to the laws of Athens.
那展示了苏格拉底意识到,自己优于雅典城邦的法律。
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But the action of the Republic takes place long before the defeat of Athens, before the rise of the Thirty and the execution of Athens .
但《理想国》撰写的时间,远早于雅典战败，及三十暴君掌权之前,也早于雅典被处决之前。
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We, who live in a very different kind of world from that of, you know, fourth-century Athens, ? what can we learn from the example of Socrates?
我们活在非常不同的世界,显著不同于四世纪的雅典，我们能从苏格拉底的例子上学到什么？
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Remember also that the city that brought Socrates to trial was not just any city it was a peculiar kind of city it was Athens.
请记住，那个将苏格拉底,推向审判的城邦，不是随便的一座城邦,那是一座具特殊意义的城邦，那是雅典。
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In a battle between the Athenians and their neighbors near Eleusis he came to the assistance of his countrymen, routed the foe and died upon the field most gallantly.
在一场雅典人和其邻居,埃莱夫西斯的战争中,特勒斯在同胞的援助下击败了敌人,最后英勇地战死疆场
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Some of them only go so far as Athens, which had the good fortune somehow of not being destroyed, one of the few important Mycenaean places that is not destroyed.
有些人逃到了雅典,很幸运的是雅典并没有遭到破坏,它是极少数逃过一劫的迈锡尼重要城邦之一
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South of the Aeolian section of that was the region of Asia Minor inhabited chiefly by Ionians, the people on the mainland who are the main Ionians are the Athenians.
位于小亚细亚地区的伊奥利亚南部,主要居住爱奥尼亚人,而在内陆居住的爱奥尼亚人,主要都是雅典人
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This seems to be a statement of his alienation or disaffection from the concerns of his fellow Athenians. I know nothing about what you do or what you care about.
这似乎是他对雅典同胞,所关心之事务疏离,或不满的表述,我不知道你做啥。
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Upon his return, he established this school at Athens he called the Academy, "Academy" for the training of philosophers, statesmen, and legislators.
在归来之后,他在雅典建立了他的学院，称为,用以训练哲学家，政治家及立法委员。
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Right. Let me put it a slightly yes, they are walking back to Athens from the Piraeus.
好吧，我稍微转换一下,对的，他们正要从皮里亚斯,走回雅典。
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He can be a citizen of his community, he can be a Marathonian, but he is also and more primarily,he is an Athenian.
他可以是自己社区的公民,可以是马拉松人,但他首先,也是雅典人
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Not exactly the same proportion, believe in his innocence than in the Athenian jury obviously.
比数悬殊，他是无辜的人数,明显比雅典陪审团多出许多。
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So, for some reason it was safe in Athens and some fled to Athens.
因为某些原因雅典是安全的,所以有一些难民就进入了雅典
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