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So you might ask well, why are we using this model if it clearly doesn't take into account quantum mechanics?
那么大家可能会问为什么我们要用这个,显然没有考虑量子力学的模型呢？
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We can not do that with quantum mechanics, the more true picture is the best we can get to is talk about what the probability is of finding the electron at any given nucleus.
在量子力学里我们不这样做，我们能得到的更加真实的图像,是关于在某处,找到电子的概率。
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We use the adjective "Newtonian" but we don't speak of certain writers who are still interested in quantum mechanics as "Newtonian writers."
虽然我们用牛顿主义者这个词“,但是我们不会把那些,对量子力学有兴趣的人称作牛顿主义作家“
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But the answer is, according to the standard interpretation of quantum mechanics, that's not how it works.
但答案是,根据量子力学的标准解释,这并非如此
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I mean, quantum mechanics makes sense to no human being, in my view. In those areas, people are inclined to do sort of strange things.
我的意思是在我看来，量子力学对人类完全没有意义，在那些领域，人们总是倾向于,去做有些奇怪的事情。
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Some of you are probably going to be doctors and you don't know why I'm going to do special relativity or quantum mechanics, but you don't know when it will come in handy.
你们中的有些人可能会成为医生,但你们现在不能理解,我为什么要讲相对论和量子力学,但是说不定什么时候,你就用上了呢
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So, we need a new kind of mechanics, which is quantum mechanics, which will accurately explain the behavior of molecules on this small scale.
所以我们需要一种新的力学，也就是量子力学,来解释在这个,小尺度下分子的行为。
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That's a deterministic way of doing things, that's what you get from classical mechanics.
与核子的半径,是从经典力学中得到的，但我们从量子力学模型，知道的事实是。
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Even if quantum mechanics was wrong and somehow, you know, at the macro level all the indeterminism boils out-- whatever-- and at the macro level we are deterministic systems, so what?
即便量子力学是错的,而且不知怎的,在宏观水平上,所有的非决定性都蒸发了,不管发生了什么,在宏观水平上我们都成了决定论的系统,那又如何
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We remember that Lewis structures are an idea that are pre-quantum mechanics.
我们记得路易斯结构是一个,早于量子力学的概念。
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The fundamental laws of physics, according to the standard interpretation of quantum mechanics, are probabilistic.
物理学的基本法则,根据量子力学的标准解释来说,这都是概率决定的
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And the reason that quantum mechanics is going to work where classical mechanics fails is that classical mechanics did not take into account the fact that matter has both wave-like and particle-like properties, and light has both wave-like and particle-like properties.
上发生的行为,量子力学得以成功,而经典力学却失败的原因,是因为经典力学,不能包容物质的，波动性和粒子性,和光的波动性和粒子性。
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And that's somewhat inconvenient because we're working with wave functions, but it's a reality that comes out of quantum mechanics often, which is that we're describing a world that is so much different from the world that we observe on a day-to-day basis, that we're not always going to be able to make those one-to-one analogies.
这对于研究氢原子，很不方便,但这就是事实,而且在量子力学中经常会出现这种事实,那就是我们要描述的世界，和我们日常所看到的世界,之间的差别是如此之大,以至于我们不能，做出一一对应的类比,但幸运的是我们不用管。
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Or, if you're a pediatrician with a really small patient who will not sit still, it's because the laws of quantum mechanics don't allow an object to have a definite position and momentum.
或者你是个儿科医生,而你的小病人却总也坐不住,这是因为量子力学,不允许物体同时具有确定的位置和动量
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So, remember this makes sense if you just think of it as a wave and forget the particle part of it for right now, because that would be very upsetting to think about and that's not, in fact, what's going on, we're talking about quantum mechanics here.
记住如果你们把它看做是一个波,而忘记它是一个粒子时，这就是可以理解的了，因为如果把它看做,一个粒子就行不通了，实际上也不是这样的，这里我们是以量子力学的角度来考虑问题。
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So, molecular orbital theory, on the other hand, is based on quantum mechanics.
另一方面分子轨道理论，是基于量子力学的。
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So, Lewis structures are really a model for a way to think about what the valence electron configuration is, and as I said, it's not based on quantum mechanics, it's something that Lewis observed far, far before quantum mechanics were discovered.
路易斯结构实际上是一个用来考虑价,电子排布的模型，而就像我说的，它并不以量子力学为基础，而是路易斯在以前发现的,在量子力学出现很早前。
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So, then we'll get to turn to a new kind of mechanics or quantum mechanics, which will in fact be able to describe what's happening on this very, very small size scale -- so on the atomic size scale on the order of nanometers or angstroms, very small particles.
然后我们要讲到一种,新的力学--量子力学,它可以解释,发生在很小尺度,大约是原子尺寸大小,也就是纳米或埃的量级。
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Still, I take it--I gather--here's what I'm told-- that the standard interpretation of quantum mechanics says that, despite what many of us might've otherwise believed, the fundamental laws of physics are not, in fact, deterministic.
别人告诉了我这么一个例子,量子力学的正统理论认为,尽管有很多人可能不相信,物理学的基本定律事实上也不是确定性的
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Now, according to quantum mechanics under the standard interpretation, that's all there is to say about it. You have an atom like that, 80 percent chance in the next 24 hours it will break down.
按照量子力学的正统理论,也就是说,在未来二十四小时内,这个原子有百分之八十的概率会分裂
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So, I said I'd tell you a little bit more about where this Bohr radius came from, and it came from a model of the atom that pre-dated quantum mechanics, and Neils Bohr is who came up with the idea of the Bohr radius, and here is hanging out with Einstein, he had pretty good company that he kept.
我要告诉你们,波尔半径是从哪里来的,它起源于前量子力学时代的，原子模型,尼尔斯，玻尔提出了，波尔半径的概念,这是他和爱因斯坦在一起，他们是好朋友，当我们讨论这个原子模型时你们要记住的是，在1911年。
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So, I will point out, in terms of MO theory, because it rigorously does take into account quantum mechanics, it starts to become complicated once we go beyond diatomic molecules.
我要指出的是，对于MO理论，以为它严格的遵守量子力学，所以一旦超过双原子分子,就变得十分复杂了。
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So these names, they don't really make any sense why they're called past s p and f, and it turns out that it comes from spectroscopy terms that are pre-quantum mechanics where, for example, this is called the sharp line, I think the principle, the diffuse, and the fundamental.
看到这些名字，你会发现,它们为什么叫s，p，f是没什么道理的，事实上,它们来源于,量子力学之前的光谱学中的术语，例如，它们分别叫做锐线，我认为是主线，漫射和基本。
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