These proteins have functions that are essential for life of the cell, they transport molecules back and forth across the membrane.

这些蛋白所起的功能,对于细胞生存至关重要,它们负责转运分子通过细胞膜进出细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In order for it to get inside the cells and go through them there have to be transporters which specifically allow glucose to pass into the cell and then out into our body.

为使其能进入并穿过细胞,肠上皮必须具有葡萄糖特异性的转运蛋白,使葡萄糖能够穿过细胞进入体内

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Well, one because you're not taking anymore glucose in, but the other because when you did eat glucose you got more insulin and the glucose got shuttled into cells where it's either used or stored.

一个是因为你没有再摄入更多的糖分,另一个原因就是,当你摄入糖时,胰岛素分泌增加,糖被转运到细胞内部,要么被用掉要么被储存

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Those are called glucose transporters.

这些分子叫做葡萄糖转运载体

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Inside cells in your body there are special RNA molecules called transfer RNA.

在你体内的细胞中,一种很特殊的RNA分子,称为转运RNA

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

When it's double stranded this gene can't be translated, because you have to have the single strand in order for the transfer RNA to bind and for this process of translation to take place.

当基因处于双链结构状态时,是不能进行翻译的,因为必须把双链拆开得到单链,才能结合转运RNA并开始翻译过程

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选