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And on this side, we're going to write out an engine, and we're going to say this is a Carnot engine.
在这边，我们画出一个热机，是卡诺热机。
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So the first step to doing that is I want to just generalize our results so far for a Carnot cycle.
第一步,首先来推广一下,卡诺循环的结果。
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If you go to any coffee store in America and you ask them, "How many cappuccinos did you sell today?"
如果你去美国的任何咖啡店,你问他们，“你们今天卖出多少杯卡布奇诺？“
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So, he went to this community college and got one of their library computers and he issued the press release there.
于是,他去了埃尔卡米诺学院,使用图书馆的一台电脑,发布了这条公告
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So, the engine that I'm going to illustrate is called a Carnot engine.
这个热机,叫做卡诺热机。
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And they type in "cappuccino" on a little terminal, which is basically a calculator on top of the cash box, and then they get $3.24 from that. They get a receipt.
他们在一个小终端机上输入“卡布奇诺“,那个终端机不过是个收银盒上价格计算器而已，他们划走了3。24美元，打出一张凭条。
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Now, if we go back to our Carnot cycle which is a set of reversible paths, it's useful to compare this to what happens in an irreversible case.
如果回到卡诺循环,它是由一系列可逆过程组成，我们将它,和不可逆过程的情况相比较。
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So in other words, this engine is running less efficiently than my Carnot engine.
也就是说，这个热机的效率,比卡诺热机低。
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So generalize our Carnot engine results.
让我们推广卡诺热机的结果。
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How many cappuccinos did you sell?
你们今天卖出多少杯卡布奇诺？
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And now we're going to specify, we're going to do a Carnot cycle for an ideal gas.
我们具体地指定一个卡诺循环，这是理想气体。
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OK, so here is just an engine like what we've already seen, and I'm going to specify that this is a Carnot engine which is to say all the results that we just derived hold for this case.
这一个热机,跟我们以前见过的差不多，我们把它确定为,卡诺热机,所以我们之前得到的结果都对它适用。
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And the cycle it's going to undertake is called a Carnot cycle, and it works the following way: we're going to do pressure volume work.
它的循环过程,叫做卡诺循环，过程如下：,这是个压强体积系统。
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They also went back to the El Camino Community College Library and they interviewed the librarians and tried to ask them, do you remember somebody coming here that didn't look like a student?
他们还找到埃尔卡米诺学院图书馆,还询问了图书管理员,是否有看起来不像学生的人,来过图书馆呢
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He also did it from the El Camino Community College Library because he thought, I'll be careful, I won't issue this fake press release on my own computer because they might be able to track me back to my own computer.
而且他使用,埃尔卡米诺学院图书馆的电脑进行发布,因为他想,我要小心为妙,不能用自己的电脑散布这条消息,监管机构很可能会追踪到我的电脑上
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So, when we were building Square, we realized that, "Wow! The receipt is something that has never really been designed or looked at. I go up to a coffee store and I hand them my credit card. I say, "I want a cappuccino." I hand them my credit card.
所以当我们建起Square时，我们意识到，“哇！这种入款方式是从未被设计和,看过的，我去咖啡店,拿出信用卡，说，“我要一杯卡布奇诺，“，我把信用卡递给他们。
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