These are molecules that exist naturally in cell membranes and are activated by certain enzymes and kinases generated by receptors.

这些分子存在于细胞膜表面,能被受体激活的某种酶或激酶所活化

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The magnet creates a field which changes the polarity of a tiny, tiny portion of the metal particles which coat each platter's surface.

这个磁体创建一个,能改变覆盖在,磁盘表面小金属粒子的磁极。

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So, it doesn't need to bind to a receptor on the surface of the cell in order to work because the molecule can actually enter the cell directly.

所以无需与细胞表面受体相结合来起效,因为这些分子能直接进入细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So even if determinism were true of us, that wouldn't rule out our having free will, because you can-- appearances to the contrary notwithstanding-- have both determinism and free will.

所以即使我们真的服从于决定论,那也不能排除我们有自由意志的可能,因为你能,尽管表面看来并非如此,同时遵从决定论和拥有自由意志

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Rather than by forming an image or a picture you put electrodes on the surface of the body and measure the electrical potential as a function of position on the body.

它并不对人进行直接的造影,而是将电极放到身体表面,通过测量该位置电势能,表征该部位的生理状态

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, they developed this bifurcated tool, which would be appl--you'd put the stuff on the surface of the tool and then you'd scratch the skin in a certain way so that you could produce sort of a reproducible introduction of the vaccine into the skin.

所以他们发明了一种分为两叉的工具,把疫苗抹在这种工具表面上,然后以某种方式在皮肤上刮,这样就能将疫苗,重复不断地引入到皮下

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选