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They have found really no evidence of extensive conquest and destruction in thirteenth and twelfth century archaeological layers.
他们并没有找到大规模占领的证据,十三世纪摧毁和十二世纪考古层的证据。
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And there was quite a lot of archaeology that went on here,
这里还有相当多的考古事件，
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He believed strongly that archaeological findings were important external evidence for the basic historicity and authenticity of, for example, the patriarchal stories.
他坚信，考古发现对基本的历史真实性和,比方说族长故事的可信性来说,都是重要的外部证据。
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Someone has just gotten a PHD in anthropology, or I guess archaeology probably.
他刚刚获得了人类学的博士学位，或者有可能是考古学。
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I'm sorry. Homer describes certain of these weapons, which don't fit what we find in the ground.
抱歉,荷马所描述的那些武器,和考古发现的是不一致的
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Which is why you can travel right now to Turkey or Syria or Israel or Jordan or Egypt, and you can see excavations of towns, and it's remarkable how they all look so much alike, because they're all inspired by this originally Greek model of the city.
如果你现在去土耳其,叙利亚，以色列，约旦或埃及旅游，就会发现当地考古挖掘出的古城镇，都惊人的相似，因为都是根据古希腊模型建的。
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so that they excavated and they found the human remains,
考古队挖掘并找到了人类的残骸，
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So it's a lot of things like Archaeology or
所以有很多类似考古或者
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So there are two other models, then, models different from the immigration model, two other models for understanding the formation of Israel, that build on this archaeological evidence.
那么还有两个其他的模型，与移民模型不同的两个模型，这两个模型也是为了说明以色列的形成，它们是依据考古学证据。
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In the early days, archaeology of the region tended toward credulity.
早期时候，在这个领域考古偏于轻信臆测。
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Then what happens is the population grows, and for this the archaeological evidence is very strong.
然后你会发现人口在急剧的增长,有很多考古证据都可以有力的证实这一点
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So what we think we know derives chiefly from archeological evidence, which is before writing--mute evidence that has to be interpreted and is very complicated, and is far from secure.
我们目前所认为的史实,主要都是从考古证据中所得,这些无声的证据出现于文字记录之前,因此就需要繁复的考证及解读,这些考证未必可靠
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That is, until the great archaeological discoveries of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, which unearthed for us the great civilizations of the Ancient Near East, of which I have drawn a remarkably life-like map ] here on the board: Mediterranean, I always start with the Mediterranean Ocean, the Nile River, the Tigris and the Euphrates.
直到十九至二十世纪,一些重大的考古发现，才让我们了解到,远古近东的文明,我已经在黑板上画了一幅,栩栩如生的地图了：,地中海，我总是从地中海讲起，尼罗河，底格里斯河，还有幼发拉底河。
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And archaeology supports this picture of merging of peoples, a picture of the merging of peoples, rather than conquest or even large-scale immigration, because the new settlements in this period show such continuity with the past, not a complete break, not the initiation of something radically new.
考古学肯定了民族的融合，多个民族相融合的图景，而不是征服或者是大规模的移民，因为这一时期新的定居表明,与过去的连续继承，而不是完全的断裂，不是完全的新的开始。
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But in all likelihood Hebrews of an older time, the patriarchal period, the second millennium BCE--they probably weren't markedly different from many of their polytheistic neighbors. Archaeology would suggest that.
但很有可能更早的，西元前2000年族长统治时期的希伯来人，他们可能和其他信仰多神论的异邦人,没有什么太大的不同，这一点考古学会帮我们证明。
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Well, archaeologists investigated this carefully, and the French School of Archaeology late in the nineteenth century dug everything up and concluded this was baloney; it was a myth.
十九世纪末期,法国建筑学院的,考古学家仔细调查了这个神庙,他们研究出了很多东西,包括以上说的故事,他们认为完全是个神话
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The source doesn't tell us that, and in fact there's really no archeological evidence of a group, a large group, entering the land of Canaan at this time.
资料来源并没有告诉我们，事实上，并没有考古学证据表明,有一个部族，大部族在那个时候进入迦南。
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Archaeologists in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were stunned to find the ruins and the records of remarkable peoples and cultures--massive, complex empires in some cases, but some of which had completely disappeared from human memory.
十九和二十世纪的考古学家们,震惊地发现了,古代伟大名族和文化的遗迹，有些还是大规模，复杂的帝国遗迹,但也有一些就完全从人类记忆中消失了。
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I mentioned last time William F. Albright, an American archaeologist.
我上次提到威廉·亚布莱特，一个美国考古学家。
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Also archaeological evidence contradicts the picture in Joshua.
而考古学证据也与《约书亚书》的描述矛盾。
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And archaeologists for a long time were convinced that they would find these destruction layers. But they were disappointed.
考古学家在很长一段时间都相信,他们能找到那些被摧毁的层面，但他们失望了。
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There's no question that there was a Greek colony there and as I say the archaeological remains confirm the general time for this happening.
这是确凿无误的,但是,正如我所说,考古学上仍有某些有待解决的问题
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But because of those discoveries, we are now in a position to appreciate the monumental achievements of these early civilizations, these earliest civilizations.
由于那些考古发现，我们现在才能欣赏到,那些早期文明的不朽成就，最早的文明。
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So it's that combination, archaeology plus Greek tradition that lies behind the date of any city.
这是个综合了考古学和不同城邦时期下,古希腊人的传统记载得出的
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That civilization was uncovered by the archaeologists right at the beginning of the twentieth century.
考古学家在二十世纪初首次发现了,拥有该特征的文明
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The archaeological record just doesn't support such a story.
仅考古记录难以支持这样一个故事。
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