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The First Bank of the United States was created in 1791 and they had a twenty-year charter which expired in 1811.
美国第一银行于1791年,建立并且它们有20年的许可证,到1811年到期。
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What it was was in many ways an effort to bring the Bank of England to the United States.
从很多角度来说，它是个,将英格兰银行,引入美国的努力。
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Yes, the crisis started here in the United States, though it wasn't a crisis whose origins or entirely limited to US banks, but it's all over it. -right.
对，这场危机是在美国开始的，尽管危机的源头,或者说危机并不仅限于美国银行，但是和我们国家有很大关系，-对。
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Before that the United States went through repeated banking crises when people would start demanding the gold for their notes.
才有了中央银行，在这之前,当人们向银行索要金子来兑现他们的纸币时,美国经历了一次又一次的重蹈覆辙的银行业危机。
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In the United States we have twelve Federal Reserve Banks but we have a Federal Open Market Committee.
在美国,我们有十二个联邦储备银行,但是我们有一个联邦公开市场委员会。
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They were The First Bank of the United States and The Second Bank of the United States.
他们是美国第一银行,和美国第二银行。
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Northern Rock was a British building society that was investing in subprime paper in the U.S.
北岩银行是英国的一家建房互助协会,它曾在美国投资次级债券
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It wasn't until after the war that we created a new Bank of the United States in 1816 and gave it a twenty-year charter as well.
直到战争结束,我们才于1816年建立了一个新的美国银行,并且又给了它20年的许可证。
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There developed, in the U.S. In recent years, something called the Shadow Banking System.
美国近年来出现了,一些叫做影子银行系统的组织
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The idea was that this is better it's more democratic; each region of the United States has its own bank.
核心理念是这样会更好，这样更民主；,美国的每一个地区都有它自己的银行。
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In the United States we did not have a central bank until 1913 when we created the Federal Reserve System.
在美国，我们直到1913年,创立了联邦储备银行制度。
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In Japan in 1997 the government of Japan granted the Bank of Japan independence like the U.S. central bank.
在1997年，日本政府批准了,日本银行像美国中央银行一样拥有自主权。
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So, there was a savings bank movement, which spread from the U.K. To the U.S. in the nineteenth century and it was a philanthropic movement.
于是便有了一场储蓄银行的运动,这股风在19世纪从英国刮到了美国,这也是一场博爱运动
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We've had a lot of big foreign commercial banks come into the U.S.
有很多大的外资银行来到美国
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Incidentally the U.S. did create what sounded like central banks.
顺便提一句,美国确实有过中央银行。
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In the United States, the central bank is called the Federal Reserve.
在美国,我们把中央银行叫做美联储
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Instead of setting up a central bank in the United States as was done commonly in other countries the United States instead created twelve banks; they're the twelve Federal Reserve Banks.
与在很多国家设立中央银行,不同的是,在美国,建立了十二个银行；,它们是十二个联邦储备金银行。
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Other countries had set up central banks following on the Bank of England but the U.S. didn't set up a central bank; it set up a system of twelve banks and they were regional.
其他国家依照英格兰银行,建立了自己的中央银行,但是美国没有设立自己的中央银行；,美国建立了十二个银行的系统,并且这些银行是区域性的。
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The same thing affected U.S. Banks as well.
这同样影响美国的本土银行
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One thing that's been a trend around the world is that the I mentioned that the U.S. Federal Reserve System was different from other central banks in that it was designed to have independence.
一个在世界范围内,流行的事实是,我提到过美国联邦储备系统,与其他中央银行不同,因为它有独立自主性。
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The big American banks are not functioning.
大型的美国银行并没有起作用。
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The U.S. Federal Reserve System was really a copy of the Bank of England thinking that, well, the Bank of England managed to prevent bank runs for all these years, let's create the Fed, which we'll talk about again later.
美国联邦储备制度,就是模仿英格兰银行而建立的,试想一下,由于英格兰银行在预防,银行挤兑方面一直都很成功,所以美国就效仿建立联邦储备,后面的课程再讲美联储
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People never thought of insurance as the same as a bank, but since this is relatively recently-- that was only nine years ago--at this time, it means that we are now seeing an expansion of our banking system in the U.S.
人们从来不认为保险和银行是一回事,但是从那法案之后它们就是差不多的了,这只不过是九年前的法案,但是现在,这意味着在美国,银行系统得到了扩张
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But the FSLIC wasn't; it was sleeping at the switch, so it allowed banks in the United States -it was primarily Savings and Loans who did this -to make bad loans and they were playing this moral hazard game.
但是FSLIC没有如此,制度变换初期他们对一切放任不管,于是这让美国的银行...,主要指的是那些储蓄贷款机构...,发放不良贷款,他们开始参与这项充满道德风险的游戏
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