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You blame yourself as a victim of trauma for not having the sufficient vigilance in your outer cortex to ward it off.
你会因为你的脑皮层,不能有效保护你不受创伤危害,而成为创伤受害者。
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And we develop methods to measure the visually responsive parts of cortex and how the world is mapped onto the brain.
我们开发出一些方法，来测量大脑皮层的视觉反应部分,以及外界的事物如何绘制与大脑当中。
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This sort of processing happens in the primary auditory cortex, both left and right, of the temporal lobe.
颞叶中左右两侧的初级听觉皮层,都会参与处理过程
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If you took out somebody's cortex and flattened it out, it would be two feet square, sort of like a nice--like a rug.
如果你取出某人的大脑皮层,把它摊开,会有两平方英尺那么大,有点像一张地毯
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These are very deep lesions that go not just on the surface of your skin like a blister would, but down into the dermis or deeper layers of the skins, as well.
这些伤非常深,它们不仅像水泡那样存在于皮肤表面,还深入到真皮层或者皮下更深的地方
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Here I've got to scroll up here if I'm looking and then I've got the visual cortex engaged.
如果我还得去看些什么东西话,我的视觉皮层就会发挥作用
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So, how do we figure out what the other parts of the brain do?
我们如何才能知道,大脑皮层的其他区域都在负责些什么
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00 times electrode is only 1 mm long that penetrates just the most outer layers of the outer regions of your brain called into the distributable cortex.
00个这样的电极只有1毫米长,他们插进大脑最外层的区域的最外层,这个区域被称为分布皮层。
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So, your tongue is closer to your jaw than it is to your hip in the body; so too in both the motor cortex and the somatosensory cortex.
所以相对于屁股,你的下巴在身体上距离你的舌头更近,而在运动皮层与感觉皮层上的位置,也是这样对应着的
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And I could go recall from right above here on the left side of your brain, right in the premium of the cortex to predict exactly that key.
我可以唤起你大脑的右侧,即大脑皮层的前部分，准确地预知到这个键盘。
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There are other cases like Phineas Gage, cases where people have had damage to that same part of the brain, parts of the frontal cortex.
还有类似菲尼亚斯，盖奇的其他例子，这个人受到伤害的大脑部位,与他相同，部分大脑皮层。
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The cortex is the outer layer and the outer layer is all crumpled up.
大脑皮层是大脑的外层,上面布满了褶皱
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Also, you'll notice that the size of the body part represented in the brain does not correspond to the size of the body part in the real world.
而且你会发现,身体部位在大脑中对应的皮层面积大小,与身体部位的实际大小并不一致
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And these are called subcortical structures because they're below the cortex.
这些结构被叫做皮层下结构,因为它们在大脑皮层的下面
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From that we will have a map of your cortex.
同样，我们能够得到大脑皮层的图片。
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And the brain is a remarkably beautiful and complex structure involving cortex, the cortex has maybe over 50 billions neurons and each one is connected to a thousand others and so forth.
大脑的构造漂亮，复杂，让人惊叹,大脑有皮层，皮层中的神经元多大500亿之多,每个神经元都与数亿千计的其他神经元相连。
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So doing music, if I'm sight reading, playing, it's a very complex thing, but most of the--most of this music and language processing happens in these-- the--as I mentioned--the left and right auditory cortex.
如果我想创作音乐,即兴创作,即兴表演,那就会很复杂了,但是大多数的语言和音乐处理,都在这部分发生,就是我之前提到的左右听觉皮层
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In fact, if you draw a diagram of a person, what their body is corresponding to the amount of somatosensory cortex, you get something like that.
事实上,如果你画一张人体示意图,在这张示意图中,将躯体感觉皮层面积与身体相对应,那么你就会得到这样的一张图
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Now, all of these parts of the brains are essential and many of them are implicated in interesting psychological processes but where the action is is the cortex.
所有的这些脑组织都是必不可少的,它们中的许多都会参与到心理活动之中,但其实真正的反应则发生在大脑皮层
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And the cortex is where all the neat stuff takes place.
大脑皮层是所有奇迹发生的地方
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Eighty percent of the volume of our brain, about, is cortex.
我们大脑容量的大约百分之八十,都是大脑皮层
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So, the problem we have to solve to help people like MikeIs to find ways to cause those parts of cortex to develop properly when they are children or have them re-learn as adults.
因此，我们要帮助像迈克这样的人解决的问题,就是找到他们在儿童时期使,这些皮层进行发展,或者成年以后再学习的方法。
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We talked about the auditory cortex the first section and maybe there are other parts of the brain that are factoring in here as well but how is it that composers send this information to let's say, our auditory cortex here?
我们在第一节课的时候谈到过听觉皮层,也许大脑的其他部分,也参与了进来,但作曲家是怎么做到把这些信息,传送到我们所谓的听觉皮层的呢
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And the cortex can be broken up into different parts or lobes.
大脑皮层可以被分为几种不同的脑叶
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And, in fact, the proportion as you go from rat, cat, and monkey, humans— less and less of it is devoted to projection areas and there is more and more to other things.
事实上你可以看到,从老鼠开始,到猫,到猴子,再到人类,投射区所占的面积越来越少,而负责其他功能的皮层,所占面积则越来越大
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They're underneath the cortex.
他们位于大脑皮层的下面
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Now, So, you have these maps in your head but the thing to realize is— And these maps are part of your cortex, but the things to realize is that's an important part of what goes on in your brain but less than one quarter of the cortex contains these maps or projection areas.
你的脑袋里存在着这些定位图,但你们会发现,这些定位图是你大脑皮层的一部分,但你们会发现,这是在你的大脑活动中,起到重要作用的一部分大脑皮层,不过只有不到四分之一的大脑皮层,存在这些定位图或是投射区
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So this cell, wherever it's setting, wherever it is positioned within the nervous system let's say in the cortex somewhere or the outside surface of the brain is able to communicate with a region of the brain that's in this direction, a region in this direction, a region in this direction, a region in this direction.
所以这个细胞 无论它在何处,无论它在神经系统中安身何处,就比方说它位于大脑皮层上吧,即位于大脑外表面上的某处,它可以同,这一方向上的脑域进行交流,也可以是这个方向,也可以是这个方向,也可以是这个方向
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This is generally the general introduction of the brain that I wanted to provide, giving the framework for what I'll be talking about later on throughout the course so that I might later on make reference to neurons or neurotransmitters or the cortex or the left hemisphere and you'll sort of have the background to understand what I'm talking about.
以上这些就是我所要讲的,关于大脑的综述,为我以后要讲的课程,建立起框架,往后我可能会提到神经元,神经递质,大脑皮层,或是大脑左半球,而拥有了背景知识的你们,便能够理解我在讲些什么
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