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Another example is in the nervous system, patients that have Parkinson's disease have too little of a natural ligand called dopamine.
另一个例子有关神经系统,帕金森氏病的患者,缺乏一种叫做多巴胺的天然的配体
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So, he intentionally inoculated his wife and two children with fluid that he got from one of his sick cows.
所以他给自己的妻子和两个孩子接种了,取自病牛的体液
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If you do have it, the disease will always have onset by age 40, 50 or what have you.
如果你有的话，这个病就会从40岁，50岁之类的年纪0,开始发作。
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That there is nothing impossible that we can provide some new hope for these patients.
没有什么是不可能的,我们能够给予这些病新的希望。
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So in those circumstances, I'm an advocate of active euthanasia. I think it is just as if you have a dog who was dying from some disease, you wouldn't say, well we just let nature take its call.
所以这种情况下，我通常会,支持安乐死，我认为,这就像是你的狗得了病,马上就要死了，你不会说，嗯，我们顺其自然吧。
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Type II Diabetes usually has its onset in adulthood-- that's beginning to change-- and is usually created by lifestyle factors: poor diet, physical inactivity, and obesity.
型糖尿病多见于成人,情况现在开始改变,这种病通常由不良生活方式引起,不良的饮食,锻炼的缺乏以及肥胖
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There's other disorders of language such as receptive aphasia where the person could speak very fluently but the words don't make any sense and they can't understand anybody else.
还有其他的语言障碍,诸如,接收性失语症,患有这种病的病人,语言流畅,但所讲话语没有任何意义,而他们也无法理解别人的话语
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By Spring Break he'd gotten sufficiently sick that his doctor basically said, "You can't continue in school anymore.
春假的时候，他病得十分严重,他的医生直截了当地说，“你不能再上学了。
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Malaria causes a million deaths per year, and schistosomiasis, which is a parasitic disease, is unfortunately a common cause of death in the world.
疟疾每年造成一百万死亡,而血吸虫病,这是一种寄生虫病,不幸的是,它是世界上很常见的死因
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We didn't have the same methods of diagnosis that we do now, so maybe it was just not diagnosed then.
那时医生的诊断手段远不及现在,因此,这些病可能只是诊断不出来
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And he started with a similar but different observation, and that was that cows get a disease that's very similar to smallpox.
他首先观察到一种类似但不同的情况,就是牛得了一种很像天花的病
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Millions of humans affected by Alzheimer's disease, other species don't get Alzheimer's disease.
上百万人受阿尔茨海默氏症的侵扰,其它物种并不会得这种病
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And indeed, he got progressively and then rapidly deteriorated at that point.
实际上，在那个时候，他的病日益加重,并随后迅速恶化。
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Smallpox affected world history hundreds of years ago, and it was a disease that was common in Europe, but not common in the Americas until the Americas were colonized.
天花影响了几个世纪前的历史,这种病在欧洲很常见,但在美国不多见,直到美国成为殖民地
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And they did this by taking-- they recognized that somehow, if you had a mild exposure to the disease, your body could then develop protection against more severe forms of the disease.
他们通过用,他们通过某种方式意识到,如果较轻微地得过这种病,你的身体会发展保护机制,来抵挡更为严重的疾病
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Type II Diabetes used to be called Adult Onset Diabetes, but it's had to be renamed to type II Diabetes because kids as young as ten, and nine, and eight are developing it.
型糖尿病过去曾叫做成年始发性糖尿病,但它不得不更名为Ⅱ型糖尿病,因为有的才十岁,九岁,甚至八岁的儿童得这种病
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they might not know what it was?
当时的人们可能不知道这种病是什么
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Now there are two types of diabetes, as you may know, there's Type I Diabetes which is a genetic abnormality that usually shows up in childhood or adolescents where people are dependent on insulin.
你们可能知道,糖尿病有两种类型,Ⅰ型糖尿病是由基因异常引起的,在儿童和青少年中较为多见,患这种病需要长期依赖胰岛素
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The biodiversity has shrunk for various reasons of profitability and as a consequence of that things like corn crops, and the orange crops in Florida are particularly susceptible to certain environmental conditions, certain pests, and certain types of blight.
生物多样性的减少源自利益的驱动,和玉米一样,佛罗里达的柑橘作物很容易受到,一定环境条件的影响,还有虫害和枯萎病
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Spotted fever in purples for example, which we call measles, was a significant cause of death as was the plague, which we don't have anymore, thank goodness.
拿紫色斑疹热作为例子,我们也把这种病称作麻疹,它是导致死亡的主要原因,就好像瘟疫,而现在不会再这样了,感谢上帝
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What was known at that time was that there was a disease in people, and there was a different disease in cows, and they looked the same some way.
当时人们所知道的就是,人得了一种病,奶牛得了另一种病,这两种病在某些方面很像
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This is mainly a research tool now, but there's lots of reasons to believe that this is going to change the way that physicians practice medicine by allowing them to diagnose or predict what's going to happen to you in ways that they can't currently.
这项技术现在还只是一种研究工具,但我们有理由相信,它将改变,内科医生诊疗实践的方式,因为它能让医生,诊断或预测出病人将要得的病,这是他们现在做不到的
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