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This normal weight animal like this has its whole equilibrium thrown off, its homeostasis thrown off when its dietary conditions change.
在饮食条件发生变化时,这些正常体重动物的生理平衡被打破,于是摈弃了原来的平衡饮食
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It might be hard to mesh this with the conception in which all actions are the result of neurochemical physical processes.
将上述事情,与所有的行为,都是神经化学生理过程的结果,这样的概念联系在一起是有些困难的
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Well,you can't tell by thinking about the normal case, because the B-functioning and the P-functioning stop at the same time.
这从通常的例子中是研究不出来的，因为生理功能和人格功能同时结束。
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We've talked about one the main concepts in physiology being homeostasis, that is 'how do you maintain a constant internal environment?
我们讲到了生理学的主要概念,内稳态,即如何维持内环境的稳定
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You couldn't go anywhere without seeing people who nature had given, in many ways, a very bad deal along with crushing poverty.
在俄国的任何一个角落,你都会看到极端贫苦造成的自然生理缺陷
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So instead of just studying pathologies whether it's in physical health or psychological health, we should also study the origin of health.
也就是说除了研究病理学,无论是生理健康，还是心理健康，还需要研究健康的起源。
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But if you throw off the environment, in this case, the animal's biology, it's drive for certain nutrients is in concert with the food it has access to.
如果让它们换个环境,这种情况下,这些动物的生理特性,即它们有多少动力去获取某些营养元素,是与其食物源状态有关的
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How can individuals who are biologically autonomous, who judge and see matters very differently from one another, who can never be sure whether they trust one another, ? how can such individuals accept a common authority?
在生理上独立的个人，可以从不同角度,判断和看待事物的个人，永远不可能知道他们是否能互相信任的个人，这些个体如何才能接受一个相同的权力制约呢？
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But what they share is the idea that what you are is separable from this physical thing you carry around.
但这些文化却都认为你的本质,和你所寄存的生理客体是互相分离的
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What's a physical mechanism that could lead to differences between these two cells at this very early stage of development?
什么样的生理机制导致细胞,在发育伊始就产生这些差异
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What I've done is imagine a case in which the personality functioning stops before the rest of the body functioning stops.
现在我要做的只是想象一个,人格功能在生理功能停止前停止的例子。
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Then we're going to talk about two physiological systems just briefly, where cell communication sort of dominates the behavior of the organ.
然后我将简要地讲到两个生理系统,主要是讲细胞通讯控制器官活动的方式
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But he could only wave his hands as to how this physical thing in the world could connect to an immaterial mind.
但他只能用挥手这样的动作,来展示现实的生理客体,是如何与无形心理相联系的
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I want to finish with that and then start on the topic for this week which is an introduction to cellular physiology.
我想先讲完这些后,再开始本周的话题,来介绍一下细胞生理学的内容
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The cell is going to experience something different inside because both receptors were activated instead of just one.
细胞内部将经历不同的生理过程,因为是两种受体被激活而不是一种
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In the normal case,I die when my body stops functioning, in terms of the body functions.
通常，我在身体停止运作时就死亡了，这说的是在生理功能停止。
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Because of that, in order to efficient function, then you group all the like activities together.
所以,为了使各种生理功能更加高效化,你就得把各种相似的生命活动分在一起
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In the normal case,I'm in a car accident or whatever it is, and my body stops functioning,my personality stops functioning, and you're left with a corpse.
通常，在车祸或者什么情况作用下，我的生理功能和人格功能同时停止，剩下的就是一具尸体。
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One, developing ways to understand how humans work better, how human physiology operates, and second, developing new approaches for replacing function in people when they're sick.
一,开发新方法更好的了解身体的运作,以及生理过程是怎样发生的,二,当人机体发生病变时,找到方法替代病变器官的功能
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As I say, it's the sort of thing that somebody from the medical school or a biologist or a physiologist or something could describe for us.
就像我说的,这就是一些,医学院的人,生物学家或生理学家,向我们描述的死亡
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Language proves to be no less marvelous and intricate than these physical structures.
语言和这些生理结构一样的,不可思议和错综复杂
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That study is Systems Physiology and that's an important subdivision of Biomedical Engineering.
这项研究叫做系统生理学,它是生物医学工程的一个重要分支
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All right,so this is something that's-- If the personality function's been destroyed, can't be recovered,can't be fixed, but the rest of the bodily functioning is still going on.
如果有这样的例子-,人格功能被破坏，无法修复，但剩下的生理功能仍在继续。
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When some of those lower biological functions are occurring, the body's alive.
当一些低端生理功能产生时,肉体就是活着的。
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And there's also,of course,in each one of our cases, there's these higher mental cognitive functions that I've been calling the person functioning, there's the B-functions and there's the P-functions.
当然对我们来说，还有更高级的精神上的认知功能,我称之为人格功能，所以就有生理功能和人格功能。
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What are the particular processes that underwrite biological functioning?
比如是哪些特定的程序,导致了生理功能的产生？
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What happens when we have a strong physical immune system?
如果我们有强大的生理免疫系统会怎样？
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We know physical objects can do complicated and interesting things.
我们知道生理客体,是能够完成复杂且有趣的活动的
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In rare, but not unheard of, cases, some people begin to have those unusual biological processes and then return to the normal biological processes and can talk about what was happening in the unusual biological processes.
在少见,但并非从未听闻的,情况下,有些人开始,经历那样一些不正常的生理过程,然后回归正常的生物学过程,他们可以谈论,在那个不正常的生物过程里发生了什么
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I want to talk about - move on and talk a little bit about some general concepts from physiology that are really important and here is a table that gives characteristics of an average person.
接下来我想说一些,生理学上非常重要的基础性的概念,这里有一个表格,给出了一个普通人的特征参数
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