Babies expect there to be an entire, complete bar and are surprised and look longer at the broken bar.

婴儿会期待那是一根完整的木杆,所以会对断开的木杆感到惊讶,并且会有更长的注视时间

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

Well, put a pretty face here, an ugly face here, see if the baby prefers to look at the pretty one.

在这边放一张漂亮的脸庞,在这边放一张丑陋的脸庞,观察婴儿是否更喜欢注视漂亮的那个

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

But undeniably we know most of our -- we got most of our knowledge about babies from studies of their looking times.

但不可否认的是,我们所拥有的绝大多数关于婴儿的知识,都来自于对婴儿注视次数的研究

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

And this is one of them where they compare babies looking at this versus this.

这是其中的一个研究,心理学家们在比较,婴儿对这两张照片的注视情况

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

If the baby really sees it as different, the baby will look longer, and you could use that as a measure of what babies find different.

如果婴儿认为此物与之前出现物体不同,婴儿的注视时间会变长,你可以将注视时间变长,视为婴儿发现物体间区别的一种标志

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If babies are like--If babies also think it shouldn't happen, they might look longer, and essentially what happens is scientists do magic tricks to explore this very thing.

如果婴儿也觉得该事物出乎意料,那么他们会注视的更久,基本上科学家们,就是通过魔术技巧来进行研究

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

That doesn't really happen, but they do look longer.

这实际上是假的,但他们的注视时间的确更长了

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

And I have up here--This is a picture of Elizabeth Spelke, who is a developmental psychologist who's developed the most research on looking at babies' looking times and what you could learn from them.

这里是一张伊丽莎白·斯皮克的照片,她是一个发展心理学家,在婴儿注视次数,及其意义方面研究颇多

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

Adele Diamond who studies this finds that although kids reach for A, they look for B, as if they know it's there but they can't stop themselves from reaching.

阿黛勒·黛蒙德对此进行了研究,他发现尽管婴儿会将手伸向A处,但会却注视着B处,就好像他们知道物体的位置,但却无法阻止自己的手伸向原处

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选