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And J.J. Balmer in 1885 playing with the numbers asociated with the lines there, you notice how the lines are colored?
885年，巴尔末,开始把光线与数字联系起来，你注意过光线是怎样被赋予颜色的吗？
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I heard that there is an evaluation period for students at the end of each semester.
我听说学生在每个学期末有一个评估时段。
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We saw that the Bohr model was able to correlate the observations of Angstrom, which had been formulated by Balmer.
知道了波尔模型,可以和阿姆斯特朗的观察相吻合，这观察后来被巴尔末推导出来相证实。
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So, the first obvious one is to take V1 to V2 first with p constant. So take this path here.
从初态到末态可以有无数种路径2,甚至像这样，我们只研究两种。
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It's very interesting because velocity seems to require two different times to define it -- the initial time and the final time.
这非常有趣,因为速度似乎需要两个时间才能算出来,初时刻和末时刻
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We're prevented from rushing to the end of the sentence, or to the end of the poem, because at least as far as the -- well, you can understand why.
想直接读到句末，到,诗的结尾，因为--你们知道为什么。
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One thing was that he said that they shorted the Internet stocks in the late 1990s.
他说的其中一件事是,他们在90年代末做空了互联网概念股
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You are from now,you'll be hopefully happier than you were at the end of the semester.
到学期末，你很可能比现在的你,更快乐。
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Now, since of course, I believe the views I believe... and I hope at the end of the semester you'll agree with me, because I think they're true and I hope you'll end up believing the truth.
现在，从这节课开始，我相信这个观点，我相信。,也希望在这个学期末你们能赞同我，因为我相信那是真实的,我希望你们最后能停止相信,你们所以为的真实。
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So this delta energy here is very simply the energy of the initial state minus the energy of the final state.
很简单的，这个能量差等于,初始能量减去末能量。
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We'll actually see it's a wonderful way of effectively looping yourself back around, for instance if you're at the end of the alphabet So what about those variables?
如果我们要将某些东西首尾连在一起,在这个圈里循环，你就会看到它的奇妙之处了，譬如,你在字母表末,好，我么继续，这些变量都是些什么？
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- He presented that work in a very famous lecture in the late '60s.
这个在60年代末的一次著名的讲座中被呈现了出来。
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Now it didn't entirely end, and there were some South Carolinians and Georgians who wanted to re-open it, and a few folks out in Louisiana, who wanted to re-open it at numerous times in the antebellum period, especially in the late 1850s.
但在当时它并没有完全结束,有些南卡罗来纳人和格鲁吉亚人,仍想重新开放它,在路易斯安那州还有一小群人,这些人在内战前曾无数次,企图重新开放这个市场,尤其是十九世纪五十年代末
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Because I stand up here and I talk about the one or more than one thing I know about and so it's easy to infer that I must know a lot but in fact by the time this semester ends I will have tell you told you everything I know.
因为我站在讲台上,我给你们讲我知道的知识,所以你们很轻易就推断出我一定懂很多,但其实到了学期末，我要告诉你们,我会的都已经教给你们了。
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Heisenberg gets his PhD with Sommerfeld in Munich and then goes to Copenhagen to work with Bohr.
在慕尼黑的索末菲门下取得了博士学位,然后又去了哥本哈根,和波尔一起工作。
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In 1896, Charles Pickering from Harvard found a series of lines in starlight which he attributed to hydrogen, even though they did not fit Balmer.
在1896年，来自哈佛的查尔斯皮克林发现,一系列的星光,他认为那是氢的作用，虽然它们与巴尔末理论不符。
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We want to integrate. So let's take the integral of both sides, going from the initial point to the final point.
分别从初态,到末态做积分，消去微分。
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All right. The other thing I have to teach you is matter-energy interaction so that we can see how the Balmer series validates the Bohr model.
好的，我要教你们的里一个知识点是,物质能量的相互作用，我们可以见证,巴尔末线系是怎样证实波尔模型的。
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B Many of you will end up getting Bs, if not at the beginning, by the end of the semester.
你们中会有很多人拿，如果不是在刚开始，到学期末也会有。
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By the end of this decade, by the end of the 1650s, Milton could see, as could others, fairly clearly that what we can think of as the imminent collapse of the republican government.
到了这10年末，17世纪50年代末，弥尔顿像其他人一样清楚的看到,这一共和政府即将倒闭。
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The London boom of the late 1980s is really something--look at that.
伦敦20世纪80年代末,地产业欣欣向荣,看这里
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Now, suppose I took this two paths, and I took -- couple them together with one the reverse of the other.
其中一条的方向反过来，这是初态，末态,路径1，先冷却。
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So this is going to end up at T2 a different temperature, we'll call it T2.
这个的末态有不同的温度,我们叫它。
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So we have four choices in terms of initial and final energy levels, and also what it means - in terms of the electron -- whether it's gaining energy or whether it's going to be emitting energy?
我们有这四个选项,各有不同的初始能量和末能量,它都是按照电子来说的,不管是失去能量还是得到能量？
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If you, at the end of the semester, haven't agreed with me about this particular claim or that particular claim, so be it.
如果你在这个学期末，还是不对我这个特别的观点持赞同意见,那么顺其自然吧。
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Pauli was an Austrian who did his PhD under Sommerfeld in Munich and then post-doced with Max Born in Gottingen and also with Niels Bohr in Copenhagen.
泡利是个奥地利人,他在慕尼黑读博的时候导师是索末菲,他后来从医的时候,在哥廷根和曼克斯·波恩共事,在哥本哈根的时候和尼根斯·波尔共事。
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Capstone of Bohr's work on the Balmer formula.
波尔的而工作重点是巴尔末公式。
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Now these two endpoints here are different.
两条路径的末态不一样。
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