So, now with this framework, I said that talking about these valence electrons might give us some insight into chemical reactivity.
所以,现在对于这个结构,我认为讨论价电子能,会让我们对化学反应有更深的领悟。
There's a way in which Yeats's poetry of this period goes on resonating in the world we're living in.
叶芝这一时段的诗歌,有一个反应现实生活的方法。
What does come out, which is very useful is, if you do run the reaction, here's how much heat comes out.
能得到的结果是,如果我们进行这个化学反应,有多少热量放出,当然这也是很重要的。
When it breaks this bond, that chlorine atom, a free chlorine atom comes down and reacts, this is ozone, with the ozone in the upper atmosphere.
当它打破这个化学键,氯原子,一个自由的氯原子下来,和在大气层的上方的臭氧反应,这就是臭氧,在大气上层有臭氧。
She said, if you talk to the farmers in these rural areas what do you think they say when you offer?
她说,如果跟边远地区农户谈及保险,你觉得他们会有什么反应
There are two possible ways of reacting to what deconstruction calls "undecidability," that is to say the impossibility of our really being able to form a grounded opinion about anything.
对解构主义所说的“不可判定性“可以有两种反应,也就是说,我们实在无法,也不能够对任何事物有任何根本的看法。
It has two irons that are involved in doing the chemistry, so it includes transition metals.
反应中有两个铁原子参与,因此她还要了解过渡金属。
But, how many of you didn't experience it as understanding why you were having that response to Humbert, but just having it?
但是,你们当中有多少人并不理解自己对Humbert的反应,但就是那样反应着?
Professor John Rogers: For a vast number of complicated reasons, Milton has invited for 350 years now a uniquely violent and I do think it's a violent response to the particular question of his value as a poet.
约翰·罗杰斯教授:350年来,由于很多复杂原因,对于米尔顿作为一个诗人到底有何巨大意义,人们的反应一直都很激烈,我确实认为是很激烈的反应。
Now, why do you need a cell mediated immune response if you have an antibody response?
为什么你还要有细胞免疫反应呢,你已经有抗体应答了啊
And the answer is, although neurons are all or nothing, there are ways to code intensity.
答案就是,尽管神经元服从全或无法则,但仍有许多因素会影响神经元的反应强度
Look, in principle I suppose there are three different reactions.
大体上我假定有三种不同的反应。
So let's just to see how you run through some of those calculations. Now let me just ask who here took 5.111? And who here took 5.112?
那么让我们看看怎样,推导这些反应,现在让我问一下,这里有谁学过5。111?谁学过5。112?
How many moles of gas are there in each case, in reactants and products? If that changes, of course you know that the pressure in there is going to change at constant volume if the amount of gas in there is changing.
在反应物和生成物中,各有多少摩尔的气体?,如果它发生了变化,当然在等体条件下,如果气体的总量,发生了变化,压强也会发生变化。
There's a fundamental difference in the charter and the way the government reacts to them.
许可证上也有根本性的区别,政府对其反应也有所不同
There are two types of adaptive immune responses and they're called humoral immune responses.
获得性免疫反应有两类,一种是体液免疫反应
An unreinforced response is when the bell goes on but there's no food.
非强化反应是有铃声但却没食物的时候。
Why do you have these different kinds of responses?
为什么你会有各式各样的免疫反应呢
Babies cry more to this pain of other babies than they do to their own pain, suggesting that their response is to some extent a response to the "otherness" of the characters.
婴儿哭得更厉害时,是听到别的婴儿的哭声时,而不是听到自己的哭声时,这表明他们的反应,在某种程度上来说,有一种源于“他人”的特点。
And, in fact, babies respond the same way.
事实上,婴儿也有相同的反应方式
In other words, how much does the temperature of the whole thing change when you put an ordinary amount of material in there and run a reaction, right. Well, what do you do?
当你放入通常数量的材料,并进行反应时,整个装置的温度,改变有多少,你要做什么?
Now in this particular reaction, I've got hydrogen gas, iron solid. Those already are elements in their most stable forms at room temperature and pressure.
特定的反应中,我有氢气,固态铁,这些都已经是,处于室温和常压下,最稳定的元素单质。
So, that's kinetics -- how fast a reaction will go, and from the perspective of someone who's a biochemist, I'm interested in kinetics and enzyme kinetics, and thinking about molecules that catalyze reactions in the body.
所以这就是动力学,一个反应发生的有多快,从一个生物化学家的角度,我喜欢研究动力学,酶动力学。
Yes, and if we have gases involved, it's pretty similar, but now what will have is something like this. We'll have a reaction vessel that's sealed, it's constant volume.
如果涉及了气体,情况也很相似,只是现在的装置是这样的,我们有一个密封的反应容器,它的体积是恒定的。
So here are some spontaneous chemical changes Here's one.
这有一些自发进行的化学反应,这一个。
There would be some of the reactants and some of the products.
实际上会有部分的反应物,和部分的产物。
Because it infects your cells and reproduces, your immune system responds much more vigorously.
由于它会感染你的细胞并且繁殖,所以你的免疫系统会有很强烈的反应
Well, what do we know about extremes of chemical reactivity?
好吧,我们对化学反应的极限有那些了解呢?
We're talking about the perceptions of other people, how we perceive other people, but social psychologists are also interested in the question of what happens to other people as a result of being perceived in a certain way.
我们谈了对别人的看法,我们对别人的看法,但社会心理学家还有兴趣知道,当我们形成对别人的看法时,别人会有什么反应。
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