I mean we can, we can sort of understand why OK, the total energy, if we measure it, we measure a process which is not reversible.

例如我们易于理解为什么，当试图测量一个不可逆系统的总能量，给出的或许。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

You want to talk about it systematically, but how can you talk about anything systematically if you don't know what it is?

人们总希望系统化地谈一件事，但是你一点都不了解它,怎么能系统化地谈它呢？

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

W1 So I have my initial state, my final state, W1 my initial state, my final state here.

再加热，做功，对系统做的总功是。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

The total energy of the system, which we are going to get from postulate number four, which says the energy of the electron, which is the energy of the system, is the sum of the kinetic and the potential energy.

这个系统的总能量，也就是我们将从第四个假设中算出的能量，也就是电子运动产生的能量，也就是整个系统的能量，是动能和位能的总和。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

Delta v is positive in this direction here, the work is negative. So work on the system is positive. Work done by the system is negative.

功是负的，总而言之,外界对系统做功的符号为正。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

If we want to know the total heat added to the system, we can measure it, which is the straightforward thing, but sometimes you want to calculate in advance, or sometimes you want to calculate it on an exam.

如果想知道给系统的总热量，我们可以测量，这是很直接的事情，但有时候我们想事先计算它，或者需要在考试中计算。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选