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I won't unpack them all for you now but every one of those details comes from some interpretation of a particular Greek term that Christians used.
现在无法一一破解给你们听,但是所有这些细节都来自,基督教徒所使用的希腊语。
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So, this will be significant as we talk about how the Greeks differed from them, which gets us to the Greeks.
而希腊与这些的区别将是我们讨论的重点,让我们回到希腊的话题上
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What we think of as the golden age of Greece was virtually at an end during the lifetime of Aristotle.
我们所知的希腊黄金时期,在亚里士多德的生年,其实已走到末端。
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When I was younger, when I was a teenager I drank this Greek liqueur, ouzo, with beer.
在我还是个年轻小伙子的时候,我把一种叫做茴香酒的希腊烈酒，和啤酒一起掺着喝。
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In these parts of the Politics Aristotle offers a serious challenge to existing Greek traditions and patterns of political education.
在这部份的《政治学》,亚里士多德对,当时的希腊政治教育传统与模式,提出严肃的挑战。
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So these are examples of what happens in Greek ethics later on, if you are guilty of this characteristic.
这些后来发生的事情就是希腊伦理的例子,人是否因这种特征而内疚
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Of course, the Greeks only allowed men to fight in the phalanx, but we are much more elevated than that.
当然,希腊人的方阵中只允许男人参战,但我们比那时可开化多了
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So the language that different early Christians used about each other, and for themselves,was sometimes very common Greek language, but sometimes it would've also sounded strange and kind of in-house to other people.
所以早期基督教徒所使用的不同的,互称或自称的称谓，有些其实是普通的希腊语，但有时听起来很奇怪,对其他人来说像黑话。
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Why does he begin with this? "I went down," "catabasis" a going down. The Greek word for this is catabasis.
他为何要以这句开头？，“我南降“,降的希腊文是。
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A typically Greek problem is where there is a contradiction that you've got to live with;you can't resolve.
一个典型的希腊式的问题,你必须面对一个无法调和的矛盾局面
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Again, the autonomous Greek polis Glaucon Adeimantus that Plato and Glaucon, Adeimantus and others would have known came to an end.
自治的希腊城邦,一如柏拉图,和其它人所熟知的,已走到终点。
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When you speak about Greeks you will be speaking about something more than merely the fact that they spoke a certain language.
当你谈论到希腊人的时候,你不仅仅说,他们只是讲一种特定语言的人群
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For us, we can start not so all the way back at Classical Greece, but with Alexander the Great, and the beginning of Hellenization; that is, the Grecization of the eastern part of the Ancient Mediterranean.
我们不必追溯到古典希腊时期，而从亚历山大大帝及希腊化初始讲起;,就是古代地中海东部地区的希腊化。
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But for now all you need to know is - that these four different kingdoms-- one was where we now have Greece, another one was where Syria is, another was Egypt, and then there was another further north, but that's not as important for us.
不过目前你们只需要知道,这四个不同的王国-,一个是当今的希腊，一个是当今的叙利亚，一个是埃及，还有一个在更北面的地方，不过对我们来说不是很重要。
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The first crowd to do stuff like that, you will find, in the fifth century B.C. In Greece is a movement called the Sophistic Movement.
你们会发现第一批做这种事情的人,是在公元后五世纪的希腊人,当时兴起了一种叫诡辩的运动
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I ought to say a word about death, in order to comprehend what the Greeks thought. You know, different peoples have had different ideas about them.
我得说一下有关死亡的事儿,好让你们更容易理解希腊人的思维,你们知道,不同人对于死亡的观念是不同的
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This, too, is unique to the West, just like the Greek experience is unique.
这对于西方世界来说是独一无二的,就像希腊所经历的历史也是独一无二的
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Henceforth, we will see writing in Greece, but now very,very little of it.
从那以后,出现了希腊的文字,但是至今只有非常非常少的一部分了
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There are also differences, sometimes, in the shape of weapons that we find in the Greek World after the Mycenaean Period compared to what are described in Homer's poems.
在武器的设计上有时也有差异,处于后迈锡尼文明的希腊所发现的,武器和《荷马史诗》的描述是不同的
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Nor by the way, do you find Greek things in those places.
顺便提及一句,这些地方也没有发现希腊的物品
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She can perform magic and she can do monstrous things that you can't imagine a Greek woman doing, at least the Greeks can't imagine, so that's not Greek territory out there.
她会法术,而且能做一些你无法想象的,普通的希腊妇女不会做的事,至少希腊人是无法想象的,因此那里不属希腊
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They all read it in Greek.
他们读的是希腊语的。
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But the Greek tragic view does not take either of these routes, which I regard as a relatively easy escape from the problem compared to the way the Greeks got stuck.
但希腊的悲剧意识对这两种套路都不接受,在我看,相对而言,与其困扰于此,古希腊人更愿意逃避这个问题
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The Greeks of the classical period always thought there was an earlier age that was much better than the age in which they lived, an age in which men were heroes.
古典时期的希腊人认为过去,有一个比他们所处年代,更好的时代,一个英雄辈出的时代
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You will find very rare of the case of a Greek city, which is founded away from the sea; they always wanted to be close to the sea for varieties of reasons.
你会发现希腊城市中很少见的现象,那就是它们远离大海,诸多的原因致使希腊人,愿意把城市建设在离海近的地方
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That too, was ultimately, a Greek source.
归根结底,它也一样,根还是希腊的
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But these farmers didn't do that.
但是希腊的农民们不这么干
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These are linguistic terms. But of course, the people who spoke them, especially in the early years, tended to be part of a relatively narrow collection of people, who intermarried with each other chiefly, and therefore developed common cultural characteristics.
这时的希腊语主要是一些语意项,不过当然,那些讲希腊语的人,特别是在早期,是一个相对小范围的人群,他们主要在族群内部通婚,由此,发展出相近的文化特征
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The records make it perfectly clear that the kingdoms of Pylos and Knossos were bureaucratic monarchies of a type unexpected in Greece, but in many ways similar to some contemporary and earlier kingdoms in the eastern Mediterranean.
记录清晰地表明皮洛斯和,科索诺斯王国,是不同于希腊的君主专制政体,但在很多地方类似于,一些同期和早期的地中海东部的王国
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