Well, it apparently is not so obvious because in the Americas, before Columbus came-- " pre-Columbian America-- there were no wheeled vehicles anywhere.

好吧，从表面上看这似乎不那么显而易见,因为在美洲大陆，在哥伦布到来之前-,在“前哥伦比亚美洲-,根本没有任何轮式交通工具存在。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

There is no way to talk about what he's talking about in the kinds of settlements that existed before the invention of the polis, and that I think is worth mentioning.

因为他是无法,在城邦出现前谈论,这种存在形式的居住地的,我认为这一点很值得注意

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

It is a right that attaches to individuals as human beings, even before government comes on the scene, even before parliaments and legislatures enact laws to define rights and to enforce them.

这种权利依附于个体而存在，甚至早于任何政府的建立，甚至早在任何议会和立法机关,制定法律定义权利并强制实施前，就已存在。

耶鲁公开课 - 公正课程节选

Earlier the objection was, We had no good reason to think the soul was one of the building blocks from which we're composed; we have no good reason to think it's one of the pieces that was around before our body got put together, before our birth.

早一点的反驳意见是,我们没有好的理由来相信灵魂,是组成我们的一个基础部件,我们没有好的理由去相信它是,在我们出生前,身体形成前就存在的部分之一

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选