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Both firms are producing quantities; both firms are trying to maximize profit, and I want to find out the Nash Equilibrium.
两个公司都生产商品,都希望最大化利润,而我也想找出纳什均衡
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What do you think of big music companies and the profits created by selling music?
你对大的音乐公司和他们出售音乐创造的利润有什么看法？
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So they--a typical advanced country takes a third of the profits, the government takes a third of the profits.
典型发达国家一般征收走三分之一的利润,政府拿走公司利润的三分之一
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Each of these firms is trying to maximize profits, but how about the total profit in the industry?
每一家公司都尽力实现利润最大化,可整个行业总利润是怎样计算的呢
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And if you see all the profits of the pharmaceutical companies and hospitals and all that, there are thousands of Non-profit-making institutions in this country.
如果说是利润的问题,医药公司,和医院的利润问题，有数千家,全国有非营利机构。
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So you get the profits of the firm minus the disutility of having missed all that sleep.
你的收益是公司的利润,减去放弃了休息的负效用
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For example, if Firm 2 shut down and Firm 1 produced its monopoly profits, that is, a monopoly quantity, that would maximize firm profits.
比如公司2停产而公司1生产垄断产量,垄断产量会使行业利润最大化
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So that could be a firm, it could be a law firm, for example, and they're going to share equally in the profits .
比如说可能是个律师事务所,这两家公司平分利润
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There's a very simple reason why real estate tends to be held in limited partnerships rather than corporations and that reason is the corporate profits tax.
人们之所以,通过有限合伙的形式来持有商业房产,而不是以公司的形式来持有商业房产,其原因非常简单,那就是公司利润税
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And just as last time the firms are going to try and maximize profits.
就像上次一样,公司希望最大化它们的利润
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So payoffs for these firms are going to depend on profits, the payoffs.
每家公司的收益跟利润有关
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Externality When I'm figuring out how much effort to contribute to this firm I don't take into account that other half of profits that goes to you.
外部性,当我计算要为公司付出多少时,我没考虑到利润的一半会归你所有
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So here I have a new expression for Firm 1's profit and I could do the same for Firm 2, but I'm not going too because it's... I'm getting bored.
这就是公司1的利润表达式,接下来我们算公司2的,我就不算了,太没有意思了
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So what's the profit for Firm 1 going to be?
那么公司1的利润是多少呢
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So this is just Firm 1's profit.
现在我们只知道公司1的利润
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It's because they're changing enforcement of the taxes and changing amounts of loopholes, so most countries have a tax rate of about a third, but corporations are paying less than a third of their profits to taxes.
是因为政府改变了征税的强制措施,并改进了征税中存在的漏洞,因此大多数国家的税率都在三分之一左右,但是公司实际支付的税额都少于,他们利润的三分之一
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I won't write everything down because it's all written down on the homework assignment which is already on the web, but in fact firms are going to maximize profits, aim to maximize profits, firms are going to have constant marginal costs.
我不全写在这了因为它们都在,网上的家庭作业任务中写了,实际上公司是希望利润最大化,目的是利润最大化,公司有固定的边际成本
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They own this firm jointly and they split the profits, so they share 50% of the profits each.
他们共同拥有这家公司并且平分利润,即他们各自持有50%的股份
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The corporate profits tax goes after the profits that corporations make.
企业所得税,是针对公司利润收税
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Conversely, if Firm 1 shut down and Firm 2 produced its monopoly quantity that would maximize industry profits.
反之公司1停产而公司2生产垄断产量,这样也能最大化行业利润
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So they're going to share equally in the profits of this firm, or this joint project, but you're going to supply efforts individually.
总结起来就是两家公司平分利润,但是都要各自为协作项目付出努力
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You're going to assume that firms set prices to maximize profits.
你们将假设公司设定价格以最大化利润
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What I looked at--and I have this on the website, I have a chart showing corporate profits taxes paid, as a fraction of corporate profits for the United States since 1929.
就我所观察...关于这点在网站上有说明,我有个图表展示了自从1929年以来,实缴企业所得税占公司利润的百分率
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When we were taking 90% of dividends that was 90% of the stock market being taken by the government; but that's not all because we were also taxing the corporations.
当我们从股利中征收90%的税,也就是股票市场收益中的90%都被政府拿走,这还不算完,因为公司获得利润后也要交税
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Corporations are taxed on their profits and DPPs are not.
公司需要上缴利润税,但DPP不需要
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