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Well, the Greeks had no concept of natural rights, or of rights that human beings were given by the gods.
当然,古希腊人没有自然权利,或者天赋人权的概念
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OK -But there are people who use religion as their way, but not necessarily, to claim the right.
好，-有的人把宗教,当作一种获得权利的方式。
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Bourgeois and burghers, as I said last time, are urban residents who are losing their privileges on the continent to big-time absolute states.
中产阶级和市民,正如我上次所讲的,这些城市居民是那些在欧洲大陆,被绝对主义国家剥夺权利的人
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It's limited by the obligation on the part of the majority to respect and to enforce the fundamental natural rights of the citizens.
它受限于多数人有义务尊重,并维护公民的基本自然权利。
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Maybe I have a right not to be depersonified, to have my personality destroyed.
而是我有不被剥夺作为人的资格的权利，有人格不被破坏的权利。
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You held, many say is the second most powerful position in America.
许多人说你的职位,是美国第二有权利的职位。
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Not only should one seek peace but we have an obligation, he says, to lay down our arms, to lay down our right to all things on the condition that others around us are prepared to do so as well.
我们不仅是应该寻求和平,还有义务来放下自己的武器，在周围的人准备同样作的情况之下,放弃我们对一切事物的权利。
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So for example, when we're talking about the rights of men and women and what they should be allowed to do, many people in our society following an ethics of autonomy will argue that they should have equal rights in all domains of behavior.
举个例子，等我们谈到男女的权利时,谈到他们有权做什么时，我们社会中很多人,受自治道德的影响都会认为,他们有平等的权利做各种各样的行为。
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Do you think in some ways it is back to you being confronted with the rights of animals, in some way someone has to be confronted with poverty.
您是否觉得某种程度上来说，这和,您当时面对动物权利的问题时一样，一些人也不得不直面贫困问题。
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But after this umbrella level of equality come different types of people, and those different types of people are going to require different levels of rights. Gender, absolutely.
不过在这个平等的层面下,会有各类人等，这些形形色色的人会要求,不同层次的权利，性别肯定。
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There is this real fear that large standing armies could ultimately compromise the rights of freeborn Englishmen.
他们所真正担心的是大量常备军,可能最终会危及到"生而自由"的英国人的权利
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And these, of course, turn out to be the winners of the Jeopardy contest playoffs.
显然,这些人,最终成为了这场危险权利竞争的胜利者
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And his basic rights were seen to be absolute, for nothing must interfere with the right of each individual to defend his life, liberty, and property.
人的基本权利被视作每个个体都绝对拥有的,任何事物都无法干涉的,自卫,自由,财产的权利
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Then to turn around and argue that the people in Georgia, who are not Georgians, should not have the same rights that the people in Kosovo have.
话说回来,美国政府也认为,那些格鲁吉亚境内的非格鲁吉亚人,不应享有和科索沃人同样的权利
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Other things like sexual orientation are used as a category by which some people, for religious reasons, need to have a certain level or kinds of rights or be excluded from others and also of course, certain obligations and duties first.
其他的像性取向也会作为一类区别,这些情况下，有些人出于宗教原因，需要有某些层次或者种类的权利,或者要和别人区别开来，当然，首先是要履行一定的责任义务。
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But what they meant was all people are entitled to these things.
他们的意思是,所有人都有这些权利。
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If the majority rules that there should be taxation, even if the minority should still not have to be taxed because that's taking away property, which is one of the rights of nature.
即使多数人规定应当征税，少数人仍并不一定非要交税,因为那等于夺走少数人的财产，而财产权是自然权利之一。
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The Chief of Staff is often said to be the secnond most powerful man in the country, after the president who is the most powerful man not only in the United States, but also in the world.
办公厅主任被称为,国内第二有权利的人，仅次于美国总统,总统不仅在美国权力最大，在世界上也是如此。
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Self possession only to a certain extent because I'm living in a society where I have to take account of the people around me.
自我拥有是有限度的,因为我生活在社会上,我必须考虑到周围人的权利。
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So there may be certain rights that the minority members have that the individual has that shouldn't be traded off for the sake of utility?
所以可能少数人,或个体的某些权利,不该为了功利最大化而被牺牲？
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So even once the majority is in charge, the majority can't violate your inalienable rights, can't violate your fundamental right to life, liberty, and property.
所以即使多数人掌权，多数人也不能侵犯你不可剥夺的权利，不能侵犯你基本的生命，自由和财产权。
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The first was the objection, the claim that utilitarianism, " by concerning itself with the greatest good for the greatest number, fails adequately to respect individual rights.
第一点异议，是说功利主义，只关注“为最多的人谋求最大的幸福，没有充分地尊重个人权利。
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But then the question, and this is our question and here is where I want to get your views, then the question is what powers, what can the majority decide?
但问题出现了，这也是我的问题,我想听听大家对此的意见，问题是多数人到底有何权利，他们能决定什么？
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If you go back to the Declaration of Independence, it doesn't say: "We Americans believe these truths to be self-evident. " It says: "We believe these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal, and all men are entitled to life liberty and the pursuit of happyness."
如果你回头再看看独立宣言，上面并没有说：,美国人相信,这些都是不言而喻的真理“,上面所说的是，我们相信这些真理不言而喻，从而,人人平等，所有人都拥有,人身自由，都有追求幸福的权利“
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We are all endowed, he says, with a kind of natural right to life and the desire to preserve oneself is not just a biological fact, although it is also that, it is for him a moral right, it is a moral entitlement, every being has a fundamental right to its own life.
他说，我们具有，一种对生活的自然权利,和保护自己的欲望,这不只是一种生理现象，虽然是一种生理现象，对他来说这更是一种道德权利，是一种道德资格，每个人最自己的生活都有这种根本权利。
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The same is true in a general way of what we find in the royal palace up on top of the hill at Mycenae, and so what is perfectly clear is the people who ruled these places were enormously powerful, at least locally, and wealthy.
与这一事实吻合的是,我们在迈锡尼城山顶发现的皇家宫殿,可以确信,统治这些地方的人,在当地具有无上的权利和财富
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Now, one of the reasons why people would-- it's unthinkable for someone like me or for probably most of you to imagine giving up your rights to a kind of absolute rule, though we seem to be in a situation like that, where that's happened quite a lot recently, even in this own country.
我或者你们中绝大多数的人,很难想象会有这么多人,宁愿放弃自己的权利,而屈从于一种绝对王权的原因,尽管在我们国家,最近类似的事情层出不穷,让我们仿佛能够感同身受
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