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But dualism doesn't so much offer the explanation typically as just say, "Well, maybe we'd be better off positing something immaterial."
但是二元论还没有给出,这样的解释,也许我们假设非物质的存在会好一些
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So although I'm trying to sketch the dualist position, as I explained on Tuesday, I don't myself believe in souls.
尽管我在尝试去概述,二元论的观点,就像我在周二所说的,我自己并不相信灵魂
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A lot rests on it, but as Crick points out; the scientific consensus now is that dualism is wrong.
很多人都信奉它,但正如克里克所指出的,如今的科学共识认为二元论是错误的
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Though it does seem, from this dualist perspective, as though souls are located, I'm sort of viewing the world from here.
虽然看起来,就二元论观点而言,灵魂是有位置的,我可以从这里看到世界
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The reason I think it doesn't follow trivially is because, remember, I said we're dealing with interactionist dualism.
我认为它并非自然地得出结论的原因是,记住,我们在和心物交互二元论打交道
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And dualism simply says, "It's all nonphysical, it's part of the ether," and hence fails to explain it.
二元论只是说,"心灵是无形的,是世界的一部分",因此并不能给出合理的解释
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if we had a dualist explanation with some details really worked out, maybe we'd have to say, "Look, this is the better explanation."
如果我们拥有一个,既可行又详尽的二元论解释,也许我们就会说,看哪,这才是更好的解释
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The dualist position is that the mind is a soul and the soul is an immaterial object.
二元论认为心灵就是灵魂,而灵魂是一种非物质实体
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When I use the word "Soul," I'm going to have in mind this dualist view according to which the soul is something immaterial, nonphysical.
当我用"灵魂"这个词时,我会采用二元论思路,因为他们认为,灵魂是非物质,非物理的
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And he used this argument as a way to support dualism, as a way to support the idea that bodies and minds are separate.
他用这一论据来支持二元论,来支持身心二元的观点
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But I don't think what we should say is, "The better explanation lies with the dualist."
但我们也不能说,二元论的解释更好
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You may choose to embrace dualism, reject the idea that the brain is responsible for mental life, and reject the promise of a scientific psychology.
你也可以选择身心二元论,拒绝承认大脑引起心理活动,看低科学心理学的前景
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So these are the two basic positions: the dualist view on the one hand, the physicalist view on the other.
以上就是两种基本的理论,一种是二元论的观点,另一种是物理主义的观点
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The kind of dualist position that we are considering in this class is an interactionist position, where the soul commands the body.
我们在这门课里,所讨论的二元论观点,实际上是一种互动论的观点,也就是认为灵魂可以控制肉体
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According to the dualist, the mind is this immaterial substance and we could call it by different names.
根据二元论,心灵是非物质的实体,我们可以用不同的名字称呼它
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On the one hand, we have the dualist view; that's the view that we spent a fair bit of time sketching last meeting.
我们探讨了两种观点 一种是二元论的观点,上堂课上我们用了很长的时间来介绍它
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The question we want to turn to, then, is, "Which of these two views should we believe: the dualist position or the physicalist position?"
接下来,我们的问题是,这两种观点,我们到底应该相信哪一种,二元论还是物理主义
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As I say, the dualist position, as we're understanding it, is not a view that says there are only minds, there are no bodies.
前面已经谈到,二元论,就我们的理解,并不认为只有心灵而没有肉体
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So I think it's a very nice attempt to discuss the physicalist alternative to Plato's dualism.
因此我认为这是个好的尝试,讨论与二元论不同的观点。
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The dualist view, according to which a person is a body and a soul.
二元论认为,人是由肉体和灵魂两部分组成
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Dualist, of course, because there's two basic components-- the body and the soul.
之所以是二元论,因为它由两个基本组成部分,肉体和灵魂
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The alternative view that we're going to consider is not dualist, but monist.
另一个观点,我们就不再考虑二元论,而是一元论
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So, this is known as dualism because the claim is, for humans at least, there are two separate things; there's our material bodies and there's our immaterial minds.
这便是二元论,因为它主张,至少对于人类而言,存在两种独立的成分,即有形的生理客体与无形的心理
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As always with philosophy, there's more complicated versions of dualism where maybe the interaction doesn't work both ways, but let's just limit ourselves to good, old-fashioned, two-way interactionist dualism.
但由于我们在说的是哲学,二元论还持有更为复杂的观点,例如,交互作用对双方都不起作用,但就让我们限制在一个范围内较好,保守的,双向互动二元论观点
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But the most articulate and well-known defender of dualism is the philosopher Rene Descartes, and Rene Descartes explicitly asked a question, "Are humans merely physical machines, merely physical things?"
但是最著名最有影响力的二元论拥护者,则非哲学家勒奈·笛卡尔莫属,勒奈·笛卡尔明确地提出了一个问题,"人类是否仅仅是生理机器,是生理客体而已"
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If the very idea of soul that we're working with here under the dualist picture is the soul as an immaterial substance, it's not made of ordinary atomic matter.
如果关于我们正在讨论的,观点是建立在二元论的基础上,即灵魂是非物质实体,它并非由一般的原子物质组成
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The thought would be, when the soul and the body have been separated-- such the dualist explains-- the soul has lost its ability to give commands to the body.
也就是说,当灵魂与肉体分离时,以二元论的解释,灵魂就丧失了对肉体的控制能力
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Why would you reject dualism in favor of this alternative?
为什么你要反对二元论而相信这个
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One thing is our dualism is enmeshed in our language.
首先,二元论镶嵌于我们的语言之中
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Let me say something more then about the dualist position.
就二元论观点,我再多说几句
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