Again, these plasmids occur naturally in nature; they were discovered particularly in micro-organisms have plasmids that confer biological properties onto them.

此外,质粒存在于自然界中,质粒是在微生物中发现的,它们也赋予了微生物一些生物学特性

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Well, I talked about the problem of using plasmids in gene therapy, that it's very difficult to get them into cells.

我们之前讨论过,基因治疗中运用质粒的问题,质粒本身极难进入细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

There's even eating meditation, you did it once with me, and I've done this in other places where you take a raisin and you put it into your mouth, and you take a minute to eat this raisin.

甚至还有食禅，我们一起试过一次，我也在别的地方试过,你拿着一粒葡萄干,放入嘴中，花一分钟时间吃掉这粒葡萄干。

普林斯顿公开课 - 人性课程节选

Who cares? But then you ask them to choose between two of them.

这有什么用？你叫他们在两粒中挑选一粒。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

Get a gene, put it in a plasmid, get that plasmid expressed in a host, could even be a bacterial host,right?

把一个基因导入一个质粒,让质粒在宿主中表达,这个宿主甚至可以是细菌,对吧

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

I apply ligase, and I've got the plasmid that I had before but now with my gene, colored green here,inserted.

我用连接酶,就能在质粒中把基因,这里绿色的部分,插进去

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Now to start with, the plasmid is usually shown in a diagram like this as a circle.

首先要说的是,质粒通常用图中这个环形来表示

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Took it out of the virus completely, cloned it into a plasmid, that plasmid was expressed in a foreign host, in this case it was expressed in yeast cells.

将基因从病毒中完全提取出来,并克隆制成质粒,该质粒在外来宿主中表达,此例中质粒在酵母细胞中表达

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

This is one of the biological properties, the naturally occurring properties of plasmids, is that they exist in microbial populations and they confer on them resistance from toxins that would ordinarily kill them.

这就是这类生物学特性之一,它是质粒所具有的自然特性,这些质粒存在于微生物群体中,并赋予微生物抗性,使它们免于被毒素杀死

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选