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Whenever I have a smidgen of time to indulge myself, which is rare these days, I love to curl up with a volume of poetry.
VOA: special.2009.10.12
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The way I've got this drawn, the volume is going up in the process. It's an expansion.
像我画的图这样，这个过程中,体积是增加的，这是个膨胀。
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If I know about the states involved, I just need to know what the volume was in each of them.
我们并不需要知道一条特定过程的路径，如果我们知道所涉及的态,我仅仅需要知道这些态的体积。
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He hears a noise at the window. Here is the beginning of the poem: Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered,weak and weary,Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore -- While I nodded,nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of some one gently rapping -- rapping at my chamber door.
VOA: special.2010.10.31
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So, I went to the library and I looked up Advances in Molten Salt Chemistry volume six because there's an article in there about the chemistry and electrochemistry of magnesium production.
所以我去了趟图书馆，查阅了,第六版的《高级熔融态盐化学》,因为那里面有一篇关于生产镁的,化学和电化学的文章。
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In fact to write a run those same experience-- those same experiments now with the even greater volume of data computers are now producing I'd probably have terabytes worth of data and at that point things just would have broken.
事实上-,目前使用大量数据的相同实验中,计算机会产生,兆兆字节的数据,那时，一切都有可能遭到破坏。
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Some of the things that I'm about to talk about are drawn from chapters in that particular volume.
我将要讲到的一些内容,都取材于其中的一卷
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So how would we go about solving this problem if I told you not only was there a maximum weight, but there was a maximum volume. Well, we want to go back and attack it exactly the way we attacked it the first time, which was write some mathematical formulas.
有些时候两个都重要,所以如果我告诉你这里不仅有,最大重量还有最大容量，我们应该怎么解决这个问题呢？,好了，我们想回过来然后,和第一次一样看看这个问题。
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So I've got, this piston here is compressed, and I slowly, slowly increase the volume, drop the temperature.
这样，这个活塞就被压缩了，然后我再很慢很慢地增加它的体积，降低温度。
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So, all I want to do now is look at the derivatives of the free energies with respect to temperature and volume and pressure.
我现在所要做的一切就是,考察自由能对,温度，体积和压强的偏导数。
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When I flail my arms around I generate work and heat. This is not a constant volume process.
这不是一个恒容过程,但如果我是一个系统，当我做这些的时候。
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I don't need to tell you the volume here, because you've got enough information to calculate the volume.
这里我不需要告诉你体积，因为你已经获得了足够多的信息,来计算体积。
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Now, if I want to change those quantities; change the temperature, change the volume, how will it change?
如果我现在打算改变这些量;,改变温度，改变体积，它会如何改变？
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So what I'm doing here is I'm cooling, and then when I'm sitting at a fixed volume and I'm increasing the pressure, what am I doing? I'm heating, right?
对了，因此在这里，需要冷却,而在这里，当体积不变增加压强时？
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So, I've got this tiny volume with, in the case of gold 79 plus of charge, and I've got some electrons out here somewhere, and the vast majority of the atom is nothing.
我认为这个小体积里面，比如金的79个正电荷，电子在外面的某些地方，原子里面大部分是空心的。
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So the first path then, the first path, 1 constant volume constant V, so I'm going to, again, let's just worry about energy.
首先，是路径，等压过程。
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I have only drawn three, but now let's pump up the volume.
我只是这么画，现在让我们增大体积。
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So I need, well the pressure is constant, but there's a change in volume.
压强不变，体积变化。
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If I'm working under conditions of constant temperature and volume, that's very useful.
如果在恒定的温度和体积下,进行一个过程，这是非常方便的。
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Now I make the volume bigger.
一些内能，把体积扩大。
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I mean, if the energy is lower to occupy a smaller volume, then if I have this room and a bunch of molecules of oxygen, and nitrogen and what have you in the air, and there are weak attractions between them, why don't they all just sort of glum together and find whatever volume they like.
我的意思是，如果占据小的体积会使能量降低，如果我有这样一个空间,和一些氧气，氮气和其他空气中有的气体，并且分子之间还有微弱的相互作用，为什么他们不黏在一起,然后占据他们所想要占据的体积。
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PROFESSOR: As you can probably tell from Moungi the volume of my voice, I'm not Moungi.
从我的声音你们应该,就能发现我不是。
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How do I keep p1 constant while I'm lowering the volume?
怎么保持压强不变,而减小体积？
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So I can make a quantity that I'll call V bar, which is the molar volume, the volume of one mole of a component in my system, and that becomes an intensive quantity.
所以我可以定义，一个叫做一横的量，这是摩尔体积系统中,一摩尔某种组分的体积，它就变成了。
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I take V1 to V2 first, keeping the pressure constant at p1, then I take p1 to p2 keeping the volume constant V2 at V2. Let's call this path 1.
容易计算的路径，第一条路径，是首先保持压强不变,体积从V1压缩到。
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And that in the case of constant volume, U in this case that's my delta u, and then I'll H add my little delta n term to get delta H.
这是在等体情形下，此时的到的是Δ,然后我可以加上Δn的项来得到Δ
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I also want to assume for our present purposes that there's only pressure volume work going on, which is to say I want to put pdV p dV in here minus p dV for dw.
同时假定,对于我们目前的目的而言，只有压强做功这就是说,我要把这里的dw替换为负。
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