So, it interacts with receptors called insulin receptors that are on cells that are sensitive to insulin.

它与细胞表面胰岛素受体相互作用,这些细胞对胰岛素很敏感

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

This is a new concept, receptors don't have to be these molecules on cell surface, there can be receptors that exist in other places within the cell.

这是一个新概念,受体分子不一定只存在于细胞表面,它们也可以存在于细胞内其它地方

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, it doesn't need to bind to a receptor on the surface of the cell in order to work because the molecule can actually enter the cell directly.

所以无需与细胞表面受体相结合来起效,因为这些分子能直接进入细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Now, the other thing to keep in mind is that for any cell there's not just one receptor on the cell, there are thousands, or hundreds of thousands of receptors.

我们要记住的另一点是,在细胞表面,不仅仅只有一个受体,而是有成千上万甚至更多的受体分子

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It refers to usually 'receptors' that are fixed in a cell, on a cell membrane, and 'ligands' which are dispersed throughout the body and free to diffuse around, and occasionally will find the cell.

受体这个词通常代表了,固定于细胞表面的分子,而配体分散于体内各处,能够自由扩散,它们偶尔会与细胞邂逅

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

That infection occurs because of a ligand receptor interaction on the cell surface where the virus itself is the ligand and it takes advantage of a receptor that's expressed on the cell surface.

感染的发生是由于,配体与细胞表面受体相互作用,病毒是配体,它利用了在,细胞表面表达的受体

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In this case, a receptor tyrosine kinase is a receptor molecule that binds a ligand at its surface outside the cell and initiates this enzyme activity - this kinase activity - and causes phosphorylation of another molecule.

在这个例子中,酪氨酸激酶受体可以,在细胞表面区域与配体结合,从而激发出,激酶的活性,使其能够磷酸化另一类分子

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

When the ligand is present it binds to the receptor outside the cell and it activates this G-protein.

当配体存在并与细胞表面的受体结合时,就会激活G蛋白

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

These cells can now kill cells that have the correct signature, and the signature is MHC-1 with this foreign antigen associated with it.

而这些细胞现在可以杀伤带标记的细胞,这些标记就是MHC-1表面受体,和与其相联的异己抗原

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选