For example, if I isolated this one called the myeloid cell, it's capable of forming red blood cells, megakaryocytes and neutrophils.

比如,如果我分离出一个髓系细胞,它就能生成红细胞,巨核细胞和嗜中性粒细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Well, one way would be to isolate individual cells and culture them outside the body and see what they become.

一个方法就是分离单独的细胞,然后进行体外培养看看结果

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If you isolate those immature cells, some of them are less mature than others, some of them have more potential than others.

如果分离这些未成熟细胞,会发现有一些细胞成熟程度更低,它们比其他细胞更具潜能

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It means that if I took this cell and isolated and watched it, I'd notice that it had a couple of characteristics.

意思就是如果我取这些细胞,分离并观察,我会发现它有几个特征

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It separates those duplicated chromosomes to two sides of the cell, physically separates them, and the cell itself pinches off to form two new cells.

双倍化的染色体,被分别拉向细胞的两边,物理性的分离了,细胞本身中央凹陷形成两个新细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

You could imagine strategies where you have multiple resistance genes on a plasmid, resistance to Ampicillin, to Penicillin, to Erythromycin for example, and you design strategies for separating out which cells are carrying the plasmid that you're interested in.

若质粒上有多种抗性基因,你就有很多筛选方法,例如对氨苄青霉素,青霉素,红霉素的抗性,而且你可以设计方法分离出,含有你感兴趣质粒的细胞

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Now I isolated these cells maybe from the head region of the embryo, the region that's going to develop into the brain, so that would be a good place to look if you wanted cells that were going to develop into the brain.

现在我可以从胚胎的头部,分离这些细胞,从就要发育成为大脑的这些部位,这是取得你需要的细胞的绝佳位置,如果你想要发育成大脑的细胞的话

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That would be a very straightforward functional way to do it, but you could imagine that that's very labor intensive because you've got to separate each individual cell, and you've got to nurture it and then keep track and study what it becomes.

这是一种非常直截了当的有效方法,但你能想象这得耗费海量的人力,因为你得分离每一个细胞,并进行培养,然后还得追踪和研究它们的变化

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One is that there's a physical space in between the two cells, so the axon of what's called the pre-synaptic neuron, or the neuron that's bringing a signal into the synapse, the axon terminal is physically separated from the dendrite of the next cell.

一是两个细胞间有一定的物理空间,所谓的突触前神经元,也就是将信号传递到突触的神经元的,轴突的末梢,同下一个细胞的树突间被物理性分离开

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Plus,if you're looking for insulin, if you're looking for the gene for insulin you're going to cells that are making it already, they have abundant messenger RNA so it's much easier to separate out and identify the gene that you're interested in.

再者,如果你在找胰岛素,如果你在找胰岛素基因,你要到,正在制造胰岛素的细胞里找,里面有丰富的mRNA,所以更容易分离,并识别出你感兴趣的基因

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选