This blue chain here goes from 5' carbon all along the chain and there's a 3' carbon left open at the bottom.

这条蓝色的链,从5'碳开始一直向下延伸,以3'碳做为链的末端

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

I'm going to start by talking about a very specific and interesting form of double stranded DNA called a plasmid and plasmids occur in nature.

我要从一种十分特殊,并有趣的双链DNA开始,这种双链DNA被称为质粒,它在自然界就存在

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If you start with only one, you have two pieces of DNA, then you'll get 2 to the Nth fragments after N cycles because each cycle you're doubling the number.

如果你从仅仅一个DNA开始,你有两条DNA链,经过N次循环后,就得到二的N次方个DNA片段,因为每次循环都使其数量翻倍

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

When it's double stranded this gene can't be translated, because you have to have the single strand in order for the transfer RNA to bind and for this process of translation to take place.

当基因处于双链结构状态时,是不能进行翻译的,因为必须把双链拆开得到单链,才能结合转运RNA并开始翻译过程

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Remember we talked about how DNA replicates itself and that there are enzymes, DNA polymerase that bind to the double stranded DNA, separate it, denature it locally, and then start the process of replication.

请记住DNA复制必须有酶的参与,DNA聚合酶结合在双链DNA上,打开双链并原位变性,然后才开始复制

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选