Wrev w reversible. in this case here let's see this is it's a pressure is going down.

曲线下的面积，可逆过程的功,这个过程中。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So for the reversible process, the work done is the integral under the pressure volume state function, the function of state.

对可逆过程，做的功,是压强体积态函数曲线下，的积分面积。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

All right. What does this have to do with my divisor example? This says I can make tuples, but imagine now going back to my divisor example and I want to gather up the elements as I go along. I ought to be able to do that by in fact just adding the pieces in.

这意味着我可以创建元组了,但是想像下回到我们的除数的例子,在处理过程中我们想把目标数的除数,收集起来，我应该能够通过把这些数,一个一个加进来来实现这个目的,我正是要去这么做，也就是。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

Now, sometimes those--that release occurs without the cell itself dying.

有时,这个过程可以在,宿主细胞不会死亡的情况下完成

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In rare, but not unheard of, cases, some people begin to have those unusual biological processes and then return to the normal biological processes and can talk about what was happening in the unusual biological processes.

在少见,但并非从未听闻的,情况下,有些人开始,经历那样一些不正常的生理过程,然后回归正常的生物学过程,他们可以谈论,在那个不正常的生物过程里发生了什么

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

I was just finding very tunnel vision-like, the smallest elements at that moment in time which means I don't know anything about the other elements other than they are not the smallest and so no matter what with Selection Sort I had to repeat this again and again and again and if you do out the math it's roughly N squared steps in the worst case as well.

我只有一个狭窄的视野，只知道某时刻的最小元素,就意味着我并不知道其他元素的任何情况,只知道它们不是最小的,所以不管怎样，在选择排序中,我就得一遍一遍地重复选择过程,在最坏情况下,大概需要N的平方次比较。

哈佛公开课 - 计算机科学课程节选

That tells us the direction of spontaneous change for ordinary processes, chemical processes, mixing and you name it, under conditions that are easy to achieve in the lab.

这个物理量告诉我们在实验室,能够实现的条件下通常的过程，化学过程，混合以及你所能想到的过程，自发进行的方向。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Now we are going to do the same thing with a different constraint.

我们来看看,另一种约束下的过程。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

You're running, you're shaking a beaker up here at room temperature.

你跑步，震动烧杯，这都是在恒定温度和压强的情况下的过程。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

But now, so this is where the refrigeration comes in. So if you take a gas, and you're below the inversion temperature and you make it go through this irreversible process, the gas comes out colder from that side than that side.

这就是冰箱的原理,如果在低于转变温度,的情况下我们将气体经过,这个不可逆过程,气体出来的温度将比这边低。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

TdS It comes from the fact that dq reversible is T dS, pdV and dw reversible is minus p dV.

这个结论来自于：可逆过程下dq等于，做功dw等负的。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

If we grew these cells on a plate loaded with Ampicillin and we could select cells that have Ampicillin resistance, and this process of selection and cell culture is very important and we'll talk about it more next week.

如果我们在含有氨苄青霉素的,培养基上培养细胞,我们可以筛选出,对氨苄青霉素有抗性的细胞,这个筛选和培养细胞的过程是很重要的,我们下星期会讲到这些

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

We talked very superficially about the biological process going from DNA to protein, so the process of transcription, RNA processing, and translation to produce a protein.

我们粗浅地讲了下,从DNA到蛋白质的生物学过程,即转录,RNA加工,以及翻译得到蛋白质的全过程

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In order to have DNA you have to make DNA and your cells are continually making DNA inside your body, through a process of DNA synthesis and that synthesis is occurring because of the presence of an enzyme, a protein called DNA polymerase.

为了使每个细胞都具有DNA,身体通过一个叫做DNA合成的过程,不停的生产DNA,这个合成过程是在,一种酶的催化下进行的,这种酶叫做DNA聚合酶

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If I'm working under conditions of constant temperature and volume, that's very useful.

如果在恒定的温度和体积下,进行一个过程，这是非常方便的。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选