From the time they formed their republics until they were conquered by alien empires, the Greeks also rejected monarchy of any kind.

无论是在城邦共和国时期,还是在异国征服时期,希腊人一直排斥任何形式的君主政体

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Having distinguished two, and only two, kinds of regimes, republics and principalities, as the only ones worth mentioning, he goes on to distinguish two kinds of principalities.

区别出两种，且仅就两种政体，共和与君权，仅这两种值得提及，他继续区分出,两种君权。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

Would be-- These would have been aristocratic republics at this stage of the game, and so there would have been a council of nobles that would typically have done it.

就是,这种制度,是贵族共和国的产物,所以拥有这一权利的,应是贵族议会

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

All states, all dominions that have held and do hold empire over man " are either republics or principalities," he says in the opening sentence of chapter 1.

所有国家，所有领地,只要是曾或正让君权凌驾人民之上,要不是共和就是君权“,他在第一章的开头即如是说到。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

And many have imagined," one thinks here of Plato, perhaps, but also to Christianity" Many have imagined republics and principalities that have never been seen " or known to exist in truth.

因为已有太多的梦想家“,其中一人即柏拉图，但也可能是基督教“,“已有太多对共和,与君权的幻想,而那从来都未真实地存在。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

The Greek city states called polis were republics.

古希腊称其共和国为,城邦

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Outside the West, republics have been unknown.

西方之外,共和国的概念不为人知

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Who was this strange and elusive man whose writings seem to have been enlisted both for the support of monarchy and for republics, even for a universal monarchy and a smaller participatory democratic kind of government?

这位奇怪，难以理解的人是谁,他的写作似乎同时横跨,支持君主政体及共和政体两个范畴，甚至可说是一种世界帝国,和相较下,式微的参与式共和政府？

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

Machiavelli then asserts that his book will deal only with principalities, leaving, he says, the discussion of republics for elsewhere, what one assumes his Discourses of Livy, which he was already writing by this time.

马奇亚维利随后强调,他的著作仅会处理君权，而不论及如他所说，将共和的讨论放到另一本书中，即他的《论利瓦伊》,此书已早先写成。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选