Troubled banks then who have this the problem banks have now is they have these securitized mortgages that they've bought and the homeowners are defaulting on the mortgages now.

于是出于困境中的银行,现在银行的问题在于,他们持有自己买的,证券化按揭贷款,而房屋持有者却,对抵押借款拖欠。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

This is an interesting question: do they solve the moral hazard and adverse selection problem as well as banks do?

一个有意思的问题出现了,他们可以向银行那样,处理好道德风险以及逆向选择问题吗

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

The problem with private banks issuing notes is that there would periodically be banking crises when the banks failed to pay on their notes and they couldn't pay out the gold that was demanded--that was required.

私有银行发行纸币的问题在于,当它们没法用要求的金子-规定的金子数量,支付它们发行的纸币时,它们将周期性的,陷入银行业危机。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

I wanted to mention in this context, because I'm emphasizing how banks help solve the adverse selection and moral hazard problem -I wanted to mention briefly here also the rating agencies, which fulfill some of these functions.

我早就想在这段内容里讲讲这事了,因为我一直强调,银行是如何帮助解决逆向选择,以及道德风险问题的...,我还一直想在这里简要的提下,本应履行这些职能的那些信用评级机构

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选