All this stuff, hungering after pleasure, all this stuff gets in the way of thinking about the Platonic forms.

所有这些,还有对享乐的追求,所有这些都妨碍人们思考柏拉图式的型相

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Plato's idea is that if we start doing enough metaphysics, we can see there must be this realm of Platonic ideas, Platonic forms.

柏拉图的观点是,如果我们对形而上学有充分的研究,就必能看到柏拉图式的,理念或是型相组成的世界

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Ordinary material objects of this world can partake of the various Platonic forms, but they should not be confused with the Platonic forms.

现实世界的普通物体,能够分有各种各样的型相,但不能把它们同型相混为一谈

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Ordinary objects in the world participate to a greater or lesser degree in the Platonic forms.

这个世界的普通的事物,在柏拉图型相中会处于或高或低的层次

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But the Platonic forms, as we also know, are not to be found in this world.

但是我们还知道,现实世界中没有柏拉图型相

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And we bump up against, we look at, we have interactions with these everyday objects and, somehow, they get us thinking about the Platonic forms themselves.

我们碰到,看到,我们和日常的事物互动的同时,它们让我们想到,柏拉图型相本身

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Now, Plato points out that we all know things about the Platonic forms.

柏拉图指出,我们都知道柏拉图型相

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And so we don't have a very good grasp of the Platonic forms.

我们无法对柏拉图式的型相有深入了解

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In contrast, the mind is able to grasp the Platonic ideas, the Platonic forms; and they're stable, they're reliable, they are-- they're law-like and we can grasp them.

相比之下,心灵反而能够认知到柏拉图理念,柏拉图型相,它们是稳定的,可靠的,它们是,它们如同法律,我们可以领会它们

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All of these things are, as philosophers nowadays call them, Platonic forms.

以上这些,被当今的哲学家称作柏拉图式的型相

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He says, "These things remind us of the Platonic forms."

他说,这些东西让我们回想到了柏拉图型相

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It won't surprise you when Plato looks for an example of something that is eternal and indestructible his mind immedialately starts thinking about the 3 platonic forms. Take the number 3.

当柏拉图寻求,某种永恒，不可毁灭的东西,作为证明例子的时候,你可能不会觉得奇怪他马上想到了,柏拉图形式，比如说数字。

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It's the soul that thinks about the Platonic forms.

是灵魂在思考柏拉图式的型相

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Well, Plato thinks what's going to follow is that we have some reason to believe in the immortality of the soul as, again, as we indicated last time, the picture is that the mind--the soul-- is able to grasp these eternal Platonic forms, the ideas.

柏拉图认为接下来,我们就有理由去相信,灵魂的不朽,就像我们上次指出的,它的中心思想是心灵,灵魂,可以去认知,这些柏拉图的型相,理念

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Why should we think there's some--Even though, normally, the barrier can be crossed and Xs can study the non-X, why should that barrier suddenly become un-crossable in the particular instance when we're dealing with Platonic forms?

为什么我们应该认为即使通常来说,那个界限是可以跨越的,即X可以研究非X,那为什么这个界限突然,在讨论柏拉图型相的时候,就变得不可逾越了呢

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So Platonic metaphysics gives us premise number one-- that ideas, forms, are eternal and they're non-physical.

柏拉图的形而上学论给了我们前提一,理念或者型相是永恒的,非现实的

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So the Platonic metaphysics says quite generally, if we're thinking about the ideas or the forms, the point to grasp is they're eternal; they're non-physical.

柏拉图的形而上学论说得非常笼统,假如我们提到理念或者型相,要点就是他们是永恒的,是非现实的

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So, we've got this nice Platonic picture where Plato says, "All right. So the mind can grasp the eternal forms, but it has to free itself from the body to do that."

我们这有一个柏拉图式的场景,柏拉图说,心灵可以认知永恒的型相,但是它必须先从肉体中解脱出来

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