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When Darius II died, who was the king of the Persians, Alexander himself took on Darius's title, which was Great King.
波斯国王大流士二世死后，亚历山大使用了大流士的头衔，也就是“大帝“
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After defeating the Persians again, he pushed his army all the way to the Indus River in India, to the western part of what's now India, and what was then called India also by Greeks.
再次击败波斯军队后，他一路推进，抵达了印度的印度河，如今的印度西部，当时希腊人也称之为印度。
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The Persians broke through the middle but just before that, the Athenian wings crushed the Persian wings and set them running for their ships.
波斯军差点就从中路突破了,但就在千钧一发之际,雅典军的两翼击溃了波斯军的两翼,波斯人逃向自己的船只
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And that explains the succession of rulers that have held the region: the Egyptians, the Amorites, the Israelites, the Assyrians, the Babylonians, the Persians, the Greeks, the Greek Ptolemies, the Seleucids, the Romans, and the list continues as we go on into the medieval and the modern periods.
这也解释了众多的统治者占领这一地区的原因：,埃及人，亚摩利人，以色列人，亚述人，巴比伦人，波斯人，希腊人，希腊的托勒密人，塞琉西人，罗马人，这个列表可以继续下去,如果我们考察中世纪和现代时期。
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The Persian infantry did not have heavy armor, they did not have that kind of a shield, they had wicker shields; fortunately, we have vase paintings that show us Persians.
波斯步兵没有重装甲,他们没有那种盾,他们只有藤条盾,很幸运,我们找到了展示波斯人图景的花瓶
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Okay, now when you're fighting, if you're fortunate enough, and the Greeks were sometimes fortunate enough to fight people who were not hoplites, like when the Persians came at them they fought hoplites against non-hoplites.
好的,当你进行战斗时,如果你运气够好,而希腊人有时也够走运,能和非方阵的战士战斗,比如当波斯人前来叫阵,他们就是以方阵部队对抗非方阵部队
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In the famous battle of Marathon, which I will tell you about when we get there, one of its features is that because the Greeks were numerically badly inferior to the Persians, they had this problem of covering the line.
比如在著名的马拉松战役,迟些我们会讲到,马拉松战役中,希腊军队,在人数上远不敌波斯军队,这为布阵造成很大的困难
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If you're talking about the year 750 or something like that it's-- I think it's in the hands, well, it is in the hands of the Assyrians and it will ultimately fall into the hands of the Persians.
如果是说大约公元前750年左右,我想它先是,落入古亚述人之手,最后又被波斯所占领
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