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Hobbes regarded these passions in many ways as barbaric, as uncivilized and warlike and to some degree he was right.
霍布斯把这些人具有的品质称之为,野蛮的，未开化的和好战的,他的这一论断只有在一定意义上是正确的。
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and that's exactly what you need to, you know, develop your own passions.
这正是你需要的，培养自己的爱好。
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For Plato, philosophy was in the first instance, a therapy for our passions in a way of setting limits to our desires.
对于柏拉图，哲学的首要任务，是透过对我们的欲望设限,来治疗我们的激情。
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But... they were really interested in, you know, some of my passions.
但是……他们真的对我的爱好所在很感兴趣。
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The other is the health model: let's pursue my passions,what I love to do.
另一种是健康模型：,让我们追求激情，追求喜欢做的事。
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The sovereign representative acts, you might say, like a filter for the wills and passions of the people.
而君主代表的行动，就像人民意志和力量的过滤器。
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For some, philosophy represents a form of liberation from confusion, from unruly passions and prejudices, from incoherence.
对某些人而言，哲学代表着一种形式,将人从从困惑，任性的激情，偏见，及无厘头中解放出来。
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And this is the big theme of " what one might call "the control of the passions."
而这个大主题可被称为,“控制激情“
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He must know how to use religious passions and sentiments but not be used by them.
他必须懂得如何利用宗教热情以及,宗教情绪而不是被它们所控制。
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Slavery is natural because we cannot rule ourselves without the restraint of the passions.
奴役是自然的演变,因为我们无法管理我们自己,若无克制激情。
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The passions that incline men to peace, Hobbes writes, are fear of death.
霍布斯写到，对死亡的恐惧，使人趋向和平。
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These political clubs or parties use their influence to incense the populous using their power to whip up dangerous passions that tend to make American politicians closer to demagogues than to statesmen.
用他们的权力激怒群众,用他们的权力激起危险的热情,致使美国政治家,趋近于蛊惑民心的政客,而非政治家。
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How is a city like a soul and in what respect is self-governance, the control of one's passions and appetites, in what respect is self-control ? like the governance of a collective body?
城市如何像灵魂,且在哪些层面自管、,自控一个人的激情、欲望，在哪些层面,这些会像是管理一个集体？
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But this seems to be a very far cry, ? does it not, from the kind of justice he talks about in the soul that consists in what we might think of as sort of rational autonomy or self-control where reason controls the passions and the appetites.
但这似乎非常地遥不可及，不是吗，若以他所谈灵魂的正义种类看来,那包含了，在我们可能会称之为,理性自治里,或自控,当中理性,控制激情与渴求。
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The state is a product of a psychological struggle between the contending passions of pride and fear.
他认为，国家是人内心强烈的自豪感,与恐惧感抗争的心理产物。
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Every great moral philosopher has a strategy for helping us submit our passions to some kind of control, to some kind of supervening moral power.
每一位伟大的道德哲学家,都有其办法可以助我们,让激情得到某种控制，并进而产生某种道德的力量。
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Each of us contains these two warring, you might say, elements within us, both self-assertion and fear of the consequence of self-assertion. The question is for Hobbes, ? how do we tame these passions?
我们每个人都有这两种，矛盾的元素，即对自负之结果的自负和恐惧,对霍布斯来说，这个问题就是，我们怎样控制情绪？
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Far from having a sort of rational actor model of politics, he operates with an irrational actor model. He assumes that it is not reason but our passions that are the dominant force of human psychology, our desires, our aversions, our passions.
没有一个政治上理性的典范,他就着手塑造一个,不理性的典型，他假设,感情，而不是理性,是统领人类心理，欲望，厌恶和情绪的主要力量。
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What is true, he seems to suggest, about the restraint over one's passions and desires is true of restraint and control over others, just as he appears to be saying there is a kind of hierarchy within the soul, restraint of the passion.
而事实是他似乎在暗示，克制一个人的激情与欲望,等同克制与控制他人，就像他似乎想说,灵魂之中有种阶级制度，克制激情。
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Far more unrealistic would be the belief of those who argue, and I'm thinking here of names like Immanuel Kant and others from the eighteenth and nineteenth century, that one day we can abolish war altogether, and therefore abolish the passions that give rise to conflict and war.
不切实际,将是那些争辩者的信念，就像康德或其它,十八及十九世纪的思想家，幻想有一天我们可以全面终止战争，进而废除,引起冲突与战争的激情。
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That story that Socrates tells here is not one of reason controlling the passions, Leontius but rather one of intense internal conflict that Leontius felt.
苏格拉底讲这故事,不是要理解控制激情，而是一种强烈的,所感受到的内心挣扎。
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Hobbes regards these passions, what Plato called by the word thumos.
但霍布斯把这些人的品质，也就是柏拉图说的恼恨二字。
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How do we control the passions?
我们如何控制激情？
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It is found that the most effective way of dealing with this phenomenon was actually to cultivate the positive,to cultivate personal strengths, to cultivate and identify one's passions, ? to ask a question such as "what is meaningful to me in my life?
事实证明，处理这种现象,最有效的方法是,培养积极性和个人优点，培育激情，提出这种问题“我人生中什么是有意义的？
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