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Okay, so expectation with respect to P just means exactly what you expect it to mean.
好了,其实在信念P下的预期,和大家理解的预期意思是一样的
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So, if we hybridize just these three orbitals, what we're going to end up with is our s p 2 hybrid orbitals.
我们会看到现在有3个未配对的电子，可以成键。
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P dV is equal to R dT. pV = RT for 1 mole, pdV=RdT so I just take dV here.
对等压过程，那么。
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Let's just suppose, as seems likely, that none of the P-functioning is occurring, at some point during sleep.
我们就这样设想一下，在睡眠的某个时间点上，没有任何人格功能性。
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OK, now, if I actually do this, and I'm going to show you the example, I just, what did I type over there, I got p was a c point.
传入了其他的参数，好，现在，如果我，实际上要做这个的话，我要给大家看个例子。
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It's 109 . 5 is what we would expect for methane because it's tetravalent, but here we're just seeing something that's divalent, and they're both in p orbitals that are perpendicular to each other.
因为甲烷是四价的，我们预测是109。,但这里我们，看到的是二价的，它们都在。
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If a person's just a P-functioning body, how could it be that after the death ? of his body he's still around?
如果人只是作为人功能的肉体，他的肉体死后,他怎么还会活着？
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So the most basic answer that doesn't explain why is just to say well, the s orbital is lower in energy than the p orbital, but we now have a more complete answer, so we can actually describe why that is.
所以最基本的答案是那没有解释,所以我们事实上可以描述，为什么是那样，但是我们现在有一个更复杂的答案，又是有效电荷量。
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p Well, it's not just p dS/dV because there's some dS/dV at constant T.
它不是简单的,因为式子中还包含，恒定温度下的。
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is going to be just the opposite of 2px So if you said 2 p x the first time, 2py say 2 p y this time.
就和，我们开始说的那个,如果你第一次说，现在就是。
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They were only temporarily not P-functioning, just like we are temporarily not P-functioning when we're asleep.
只是暂时失去了人格功能性，就像我们睡觉时,暂时没有人格功能性一样。
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p This part, of course, is just minus p.
这一部分刚好是负。
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So if we draw the 2 p orbital, what we just figured out was there should be zero radial nodes, so that's what we see here.
如果我们画一个２ｐ轨道，我们刚才知道了是没有径向节点的，我们在这可以看到。
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And as you know,I've defended the physicalist conception, according to which all we are are just bodies capable of doing some fancy tricks, capable of P-functioning.
你们都知道，我认同的是物理主义者的设想，根据这个设想，我们都只是有着机能的肉体，我们能够实施人格功能。
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So again, looking at the shapes, now we're just combining two, we've got these two equal hybrid orbitals plus these 2 p orbitals here.
同样，我们看它的形状，现在我们仅仅结合两个轨道，我们得到这两个杂化轨道,和两个p轨道。
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Enthalpy is just u plus p V.
你想要的任何地方。
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p So dV/dT at constant pressure is just nR over p.
所以恒定压强下dV/dT等于nR除以。
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So we can also show them coming together this way, so now you're looking at it where you can see the p orbital, and maybe just see well one of the hydrogen atoms.
我们也可以看到它们从这个方向靠拢，现在你看的方向你可以看到p轨道，也许可以看到一个氢原子。
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So, it's very easy to calculate, however, the number of radial nodes, and this works not just for s orbitals, but also for p orbitals, or d orbitals, or whatever kind of work of orbitals you want to discuss.
径向节点，的数量，这不仅对s轨道适用，对p轨道，d轨道，或者任何你们想讨论的轨道，都是适用的,它就等于。
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I going to come back in a second to how it actually does that, but it basically says, get me x value for p 1, get me the x value for p 2, compare them, just as you would normally.
是一个类的实例,我要去取的这个实例，所关联的x值，我稍后会讲讲实际上，这里是怎么实现的，但是基本上它的意思就是，给我p1的x值。
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Remember we have to put one in each degenerate orbital before we double up on any orbital, so just keep that rule in mind that we would fill one in each p orbital before we a to the second one.
我们必须把,每一个放入简并的轨道,我们把每一个电子放在p轨道里，所以把规则记在脑子里,我们把每一个电子放在p轨道里,在我们放入第二个电子之前。
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So it might look like here, if you don't understand about p orbitals, which I know all you do, but if someone else was just looking and seeing, it kind of looks like there's two bonds here.
这里看起来有点像，如果你们不知道p轨道的话，我知道你们都知道，但如果另外有个人看到这个，这看起来有点像两个键。
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pdv It's an isothermal expansion, so dw is just negative p dV.
因此dw等于负，这就是。
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It can't just be a matter of not P-functioning.
肯定不止和人格功能性有关。
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And again, this is just the negative, the binding energy, when we're talking about the 2 p orbital.
再说一遍，这就是负的束缚能，当我们考虑，2，p，轨道的时候。
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And seeing that it's a 4 p has two nodes - let's just write this out since not everyone did get it correct.
因为有些同学没答对,我们还是写一下,如果我们讨论的是4p轨道。
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We can fill right up our table just like we did before, but now we have included our 2 p z orbital here.
我们可以像以前一样填充表格，但现在我们包括了2pz轨道。
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And by state we just mean orbital, so if we're looking at the p orbitals here, x that means that a single electron goes in x, and then it will go in the z orbital before a second one goes in the x orbital.
我们说的态仅仅意味着轨道，所以如果我们观察这里的p轨道，那意味着单个电子进入，然后它会进入z轨道,在它第二个进入x之前。
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And what happens to this last p orbital is nothing at all, we just get it back.
我们会得到三个杂化轨道，最后一个p轨道。
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