actually our third, but the second one we're going to talk about in terms of formal charge, which is thionyl chloride.

实际上是第三个，但它是第二个,形式电荷的例子，也就是亚硫酰氯。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Let's re-draw this, so it looks a little bit neater, where we have a triple bond in the middle instead, and again, we need our negative 1 charge there.

让我们重写这个，这样看起来更整洁一点，我们有一个三键在中间，同样地，我们这里需要一个负电荷。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And it does, so we know that we're probably on target in terms of calculating our formal charge.

而它确实是这样，因此我们知道我们很有可能,算对了我们的形式电荷。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, in this case, we see that our formal charge is negative on the nitrogen, in this case it's negative on oxygen.

那么，在这种情况下，我们看到氮的形式电荷是负的，而在这种情况下，氧的是负的。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And our eighth step in the process, again, is formal charge, which we will talk about very soon.

而我们流程中的第八步，同样是，形式电荷，我们很快就会讨论它。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So in our first structure, we would find for the nitrogen we have a formal charge 5 minus 4 minus 2, because we're starting with 5 valence electrons, so that is a formal charge of minus 1.

那么在我们的第一个结构中，我们发现氮的形式电荷量是五减去四4,再减去二，因为我们开始有五个价电子，因此它的形式电荷量是负一。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So if we have total +2 and complete shielding -1 where that can actually negate a full positive charge, because remember our nucleus is plus 2, +1 one of the electrons is minus 1, so if it totally blocks it, all we would have left from the nucleus is an effective charge of plus 1.

抵消一个完全的正电荷,因为记住我们的原子核是,其中一个电子是,所以如果它完全挡住了它，我们从原子核中留下的，全部有效电荷就是，所以，在我们的第一个例子中,我们的第一种极端情况。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

If we go to the oxygen atom, now we're talking about starting with 6 in terms of valence electrons again, but instead of 2, you can see we have 6 lone pair electrons around the oxygen minus 1/2 of 2, so we have minus 1 is our formal charge.

如果我们分析氧原子的话，现在我们讨论的还是,从六个价电子开始，但孤对电子不再是两个了，你会看到氧周围,有六个孤对电子，再减去二的一半，因此我们有一个负的形式电荷。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, let's say we have an atomic number of 3, 3 that means we have 3 electrons, so we better hope to get our neutral atom that we have a charge of plus 3in the nucleus.

这也是很合理的，因为Z就是原子序数，假设原子序数是，那就有3个电子，那我们就希望,性原子有个带3个正电荷的原子核。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

What we need to do is get rid of the Coulomb tag that we have - that's how we measure our electron charges - charge, and so we use this epsilon nought quite often, this permativity constant of a vacuum to make that conversion.

怎么量度电子电荷,所以我们会经常用到,这个epsilon，nought记号,这是真空中的介电常数,我们还要指出,这个介电常数。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选